Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (1554)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (1554) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2021 (1554) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (930)
- Doctoral Thesis (527)
- Complete part of issue (45)
- Book (12)
- Working Paper (8)
- Other (7)
- Conference Proceeding (5)
- Master Thesis (5)
- Book article / Book chapter (4)
- Preprint (4)
Language
- English (1140)
- German (410)
- Spanish (3)
- Multiple languages (1)
Keywords
- Wuerzburg (46)
- Wurzburg (45)
- Würzburg (45)
- University (44)
- Universität (44)
- COVID-19 (20)
- inflammation (17)
- boron (13)
- virtual reality (13)
- SARS-CoV-2 (11)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (175)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (124)
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie (73)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (71)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) (61)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (60)
- Institut für Psychologie (56)
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (51)
- Institut für Organische Chemie (49)
- Institut für Informatik (46)
Schriftenreihe
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- DFG Forschungsgruppe 2757 / Lokale Selbstregelungen im Kontext schwacher Staatlichkeit in Antike und Moderne (LoSAM) (2)
- Klinikum Fulda (2)
- Ökologische Station Fabrikschleichach (2)
- Airbus Defence and Space GmbH (1)
- Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz (1)
- Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (1)
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (1)
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany (1)
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC) / Zentrale für Klinische Studien Würzburg (ZKSW) (1)
- Cologne Game Lab (1)
Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are changing the therapeutic landscape of hematologic malignancies. Severe side effects include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), but prolonged cytopenia has also been reported. The underlying mechanism for prolonged cytopenia is poorly understood so far. Cases: Severe pancytopenia with grade 2-3 anemia was marked 2–3 months after treatment. Laboratory evaluation revealed undetectable levels of haptoglobin with increased reticulocyte counts. Coomb's tests were negative, no schistocytes were detected on blood smear, and infectious causes were ruled out. Increased erythropoiesis without lymphoma infiltration was noted on bone marrow biopsy. A spontaneous increase in haptoglobin and hemoglobin levels was observed after several weeks. For one patient, peripheral CAR-T levels were monitored over time. We observed a decline at the same time as hemoglobin levels began to rise, implying a potential causality. Conclusion: To our knowledge, we describe the first two cases of Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia after CAR-T treatment for B-cell lymphoma. We encourage routine monitoring for hemolytic anemia after CAR-T treatment and also encourage further investigations on the underlying mechanism.
Many proteins are molecular machines, whose function is dependent on multiple conformational changes that are initiated and tightly controlled through biochemical stimuli. Their mechanistic understanding calls for spectroscopy that can probe simultaneously such structural coordinates. Here we present two-colour fluorescence microscopy in combination with photoinduced electron transfer (PET) probes as a method that simultaneously detects two structural coordinates in single protein molecules, one colour per coordinate. This contrasts with the commonly applied resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique that requires two colours per coordinate. We demonstrate the technique by directly and simultaneously observing three critical structural changes within the Hsp90 molecular chaperone machinery. Our results reveal synchronicity of conformational motions at remote sites during ATPase-driven closure of the Hsp90 molecular clamp, providing evidence for a cooperativity mechanism in the chaperone’s catalytic cycle. Single-molecule PET fluorescence microscopy opens up avenues in the multi-dimensional exploration of protein dynamics and allosteric mechanisms.
Purpose
Evaluation of clinical outcome of two-weekly high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localized prostate cancer.
Methods
338 patients with localized prostate cancer receiving definitive EBRT followed by a two-weekly high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost (HDR-BT boost) in the period of 2002 to 2019 were analyzed. EBRT, delivered in 46 Gy (DMean) in conventional fractionation, was followed by two fractions HDR-BT boost with 9 Gy (D90%) two and four weeks after EBRT. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was added in 176 (52.1%) patients. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was evaluated utilizing the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0) and biochemical failure was defined according to the Phoenix definition.
Results
Median follow-up was 101.8 months. 15 (4.4%)/115 (34.0%)/208 (61.5%) patients had low-/intermediate-/high-risk cancer according to the D`Amico risk classification. Estimated 5-year and 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) was 84.7% and 75.9% for all patients. The estimated 5-year bRFS was 93.3%, 93.4% and 79.5% for low-, intermediate- and high-risk disease, respectively. The estimated 10-year freedom from distant metastasis (FFM) and overall survival (OS) rates were 86.5% and 70.0%. Cumulative 5-year late GU toxicity and late GI toxicity grade ≥ 2 was observed in 19.3% and 5.0% of the patients, respectively. Cumulative 5-year late grade 3 GU/GI toxicity occurred in 3.6%/0.3%.
Conclusions
Two-weekly HDR-BT boost after EBRT for localized prostate cancer showed an excellent toxicity profile with low GU/GI toxicity rates and effective long-term biochemical control.
Perikardpunktionen werden neben diagnostischen Anwendungen vor allem in Notfallsituationen, wie bei einer Perikardtamponade, eingesetzt und können dann lebensrettend sein. Unerfahrene Untersucher stellen hierbei aber einen wesent- lichen Faktor für Komplikationen oder den Behandlungserfolg dar.
Um die Perikardpunktion zu optimieren, wurde im Rahmen einer experimentellen Untersuchung die neue Technik unter Verwendung eines elektromagnetischen Nadel Tracking Systems validiert. Hierzu wurde zunächst ein Modell entwickelt um die Punktionsgenauigkeit des Systems abhängig von seinen Einflussgrößen möglichst exakt beurteilen zu können. Es zeigte sich, dass das Punktionsergebnis von mehreren Faktoren wie Punktionswinkel, -seite, Ultraschallebene, Abstand zum Ziel und Vorhandensein von Metallgegenständen abhängt.
Des Weiteren wurde ein realitätsnahes Perikardpunktionsmodell verwendet. An diesem Modell wurden Perikardergüsse unterschiedlicher Größe simuliert und anschließend Punktionen mit der Nadel durchgeführt. Im BluePhantomTM Modell wurden mithilfe des Nadel Tracking Systems von unerfahrenen Untersuchern Trefferquoten zwischen 80 und 100% erreicht, unabhängig von der Ergussgröße. Anatomisch orientierte Punktionen erreichten hingegen nur Trefferquoten zwischen 11 und 44% bei einer Ergussmenge von 250 ml (bzw. 60-80% bei 450 ml).
Das getestete Nadel Tracking System könnte somit zur Verbesserung der Perikardpunktionen beitragen. Für eine abschließende Bewertung ist eine Validierung der Methode unter klinischen Bedingungen möglich.
Soil salinity is an increasingly global problem which hampers plant growth and crop yield. Plant productivity depends on optimal water-use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity balanced by stomatal conductance. Whether and how stomatal behavior contributes to salt sensitivity or tolerance is currently unknown. This work identifies guard cell-specific signaling networks exerted by a salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant plant under ionic and osmotic stress conditions accompanied by increasing NaCl loads.
We challenged soil-grown Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea plants with short- and long-term salinity stress and monitored genome-wide gene expression and signals of guard cells that determine their function.
Arabidopsis plants suffered from both salt regimes and showed reduced stomatal conductance while Thellungiella displayed no obvious stress symptoms. The salt-dependent gene expression changes of guard cells supported the ability of the halophyte to maintain high potassium to sodium ratios and to attenuate the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway which the glycophyte kept activated despite fading ABA concentrations.
Our study shows that salinity stress and even the different tolerances are manifested on a single cell level. Halophytic guard cells are less sensitive than glycophytic guard cells, providing opportunities to manipulate stomatal behavior and improve plant productivity.
The ubiquitination of proteins serves as molecular signal to control an enormous number of physiological processes and its dysregulation is connected to human diseases like cancer. The versatility of this signal stems from the diverse ways by which ubiquitin can be attached to its targets. Thus, specificity and tight regulation of the ubiquitination are pivotal requirements of ubiquitin signaling. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) act at the heart of the ubiquitination cascade, transferring ubiquitin from a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) to a ubiquitin ligase (E3) or substrate. When cooperating with a RING-type E3, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes can determine linkage specificity in ubiquitin chain formation. Our understanding of the regulation of E2 activities is still limited at a structural level.
The work described here identifies two regulation mechanisms in UBE2S, a cognate E2 of the human RING-type E3 anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). UBE2S elongates ubiquitin chains on APC/C substrates in a Lys11 linkage-specific manner, thereby targeting these substrates for degradation and driving mitotic progression. In addition, UBE2S was found to have a role in DNA repair by enhancing non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and causing transcriptional arrest at DNA damage sites in homologous recombination (HR). Furthermore, UBE2S overexpression is a characteristic feature of many cancer types and is connected to poor prognosis and diminished response to therapy.
The first regulatory mechanism uncovered in this thesis involves the intramolecular auto-ubiquitination of a particular lysine residue (Lys+5) close to the active site cysteine, presumably through conformational flexibility of the active site region. The Lys+5-linked ubiquitin molecule adopts a donor-like, ‘closed’ orientation towards UBE2S, thereby conferring auto-inhibition. Notably, Lys+5 is a major physiological ubiquitination site in ~25% of the human E2 enzymes, thus providing regulatory opportunities beyond UBE2S. Besides the active, monomeric state and the auto-inhibited state caused by auto-ubiquitination, I discovered that UBE2S can adopt a dimeric state. The latter also provides an auto-inhibited state, in which ubiquitin transfer is blocked via the obstruction of donor binding. UBE2S dimerization is promoted by its unique C-terminal extension, suppresses auto-ubiquitination and thereby the proteasomal degradation of UBE2S.
Taken together, the data provided in this thesis illustrate the intricate ways by which UBE2S activity is fine-tuned and the notion that structurally diverse mechanisms have evolved to restrict the first step in the catalytic cycle of E2 enzymes.
African trypanosomes cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. These unicellular parasites are transmitted by the bloodsucking tsetse fly. In the mammalian host’s circulation, proliferating slender stage cells differentiate into cell cycle-arrested stumpy stage cells when they reach high population densities. This stage transition is thought to fulfil two main functions: first, it auto-regulates the parasite load in the host; second, the stumpy stage is regarded as the only stage capable of successful vector transmission. Here, we show that proliferating slender stage trypanosomes express the mRNA and protein of a known stumpy stage marker, complete the complex life cycle in the fly as successfully as the stumpy stage, and require only a single parasite for productive infection. These findings suggest a reassessment of the traditional view of the trypanosome life cycle. They may also provide a solution to a long-lasting paradox, namely the successful transmission of parasites in chronic infections, despite low parasitemia.
The bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stability for a nonlinear Caputo fractional system with time‐varying bounded delay and nonlinear output is studied. Utilizing the Razumikhin method, Lyapunov functions and appropriate fractional derivatives of Lyapunov functions some new bounded input bounded output stability criteria are derived. Also, explicit and independent on the initial time bounds of the output are provided. Uniform BIBO stability and uniform BIBO stability with input threshold are studied. A numerical simulation is carried out to show the system's dynamic response, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
In der vorliegenden Studie wurden gesunde Neugeborene mit unterschiedlichen Hörscreeningbefunden in den Eigenschaften der Grundfrequenzkontur ihrer spontanen Weinlaute untersucht.
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu ermitteln, ob sich spontane Lautäußerungen von gesunden Neugeborenen mit einem unauffälligen Neugeborenenhörscreening (NHS) im Vergleich zu einem auffälligen NHS in den modellierten Grundfrequenzeigenschaften und der Melodielänge unterscheiden.
Im Rahmen des Projektes wurden 82 gesunde Neugeborene (2.-4. Lebenstag) rekrutiert und je nach Ergebnis des routinemäßig durchgeführten NHS in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt. Diese waren Neugeborene mit unauffälligem NHS (Gruppe NHS_TU) und Neugeborene mit auffälligem NHS (Gruppe NHS_TA). In einer Nachkontrolle nach 3 Monaten wurde überprüft, ob die Neugeborene mit einem auffälligem NHS auch alle hörgesund waren.
Es wurden insgesamt 2.330 spontane Lautäußerungen aufgenommen und quantitativ analysiert. Hierbei wurden die Melodielänge, das Minimum, das Maximum, die mittlere Grundfrequenz und der Grundfrequenzhub für jede Lautäußerung berechnet. Für jedes Neugeborene wurde ein arithmetischer Mittelwert für die analysierten Variablen gebildet und anschließend zwischen beiden Gruppen verglichen.
Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie belegen, dass sich gesunde Neugeborene mit unterschiedlichen Hörscreeningbefunden nicht signifikant in ihren Grundfrequenzeigenschaften unterscheiden. Somit konnte bestätigt werden, dass sich gesunde Neugeborene mit auffälligem NHS, welche in der Nachuntersuchung hörgesund sind (Falsch-Positiv-Getestete), die gleichen Lauteigenschaften wie Neugeborene mit unauffälligem NHS aufweisen.
Insgesamt konnte die vorliegende Studie erstmalig Eigenschaften der Grundfrequenzkontur spontaner Lautäußerungen von Neugeborenen mit einem unauffälligen NHS-Befund im Vergleich zu einem auffälligen NHS-Befund objektiv analysieren und entsprechende Referenzwerte für gesunde Neugeborene liefern. Somit wäre eine wichtige Voraussetzung dafür geschaffen, in nachfolgenden Studien zu untersuchen, ob die Melodiekontur ein potenzieller Frühindikator für eine sensorineurale Hörstörung bei Neugeborenen sein könnte.