Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (99)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (99)
Year of publication
- 2020 (99) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (99) (remove)
Keywords
- biodiversity (5)
- autophagy (4)
- Apis mellifera (3)
- diversity (3)
- evolution (3)
- foraging (3)
- forest management (3)
- mutualism (3)
- nutrition (3)
- Acromyrmex fracticornis (2)
- Epichloë (2)
- Expansion microscopy (2)
- Hill numbers (2)
- Lolium perenne (2)
- Staphylococcus aureus (2)
- Surgery (2)
- bee decline (2)
- bees (2)
- body size (2)
- cell death (2)
- circadian clock (2)
- climate change (2)
- colorectal cancer (2)
- deadwood enrichment (2)
- dispersal (2)
- endophyte (2)
- exome sequencing (2)
- identification (2)
- leaf-cutting ants (2)
- molecular docking (2)
- mortality (2)
- natural disturbance (2)
- plant-insect interactions (2)
- saproxylic beetles (2)
- self-organization (2)
- solitary bee (2)
- symbiosis (2)
- toxicity (2)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (2)
- 28 (1)
- 3D reconstruction (1)
- 3D tissue models (1)
- 6-benzylaminopurine (1)
- ATP-adenosine triphosphate (1)
- Acipenser baerii (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Aspergillus medium (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Axl tyrosine kinase (1)
- BRAF mutation (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bembix (1)
- Bienenverhalten (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- CCL3 (1)
- CCL4 (1)
- CCL5 (1)
- CCl\(_4\) (1)
- CDC14A (1)
- CLV3p (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COX2 expression (1)
- Cataglyphis-Wüstenameisen (1)
- Cdu1 (1)
- Chagas diagnosis (1)
- Chagas disease (1)
- Chagas monitoring (1)
- Chagas real time PCR (1)
- ChlaDUB1 (1)
- Chlamydia trachomatis (1)
- Chrysididae (1)
- Complex medium (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- DFNB32 (1)
- DNA barcoding (1)
- DNA double-strand breaks (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- DUB (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- Epichloë spp. (1)
- Fagus orientalis (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Fourthcorner analysis (1)
- Gene expression vectors (1)
- Golgi (1)
- HGF (1)
- HIV-1 (1)
- HNSCC (1)
- HPLC/UPLC methods (1)
- High-throughput data (1)
- Himmelskompass (1)
- ICP27 (1)
- ImageJ plugin (1)
- Inoculum production (1)
- Insect symbiois (1)
- Insektennavigation (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Jena Experiment (1)
- Kenyon cells (1)
- Magnetkompass (1)
- Met (1)
- Microarray analysis (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Moleküle (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- NOTCH (1)
- NRF2 (1)
- Open-source tool (1)
- Ordination methods (1)
- Osmia bicornis (1)
- PER (1)
- Paenibacillus (1)
- Pakistan (1)
- Plant growth promotion (1)
- Plant root endophyte (1)
- Polymerase chain reaction (1)
- RFID (1)
- RLQ analysis (1)
- RNA-Seq analysis (1)
- Radiation biology (1)
- Radiochemotherapy (1)
- Rectal cancer (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- Sanger sequencing (1)
- Savanna–Forest mosaic (1)
- Seahorse XF (1)
- Serendipita indica (1)
- Shotgun method (1)
- Sporosarcina (1)
- Sunitinib (1)
- Synthetic biology (1)
- T cell receptor (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Time interval (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- TreMs (1)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (1)
- Tyrosine kinase inhibition (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Vegetable juice (1)
- Virtual sequencing (1)
- Visualisierung (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Zellen (1)
- acipenserid minisatellite (1)
- activity rhythm (1)
- activity-based probes (1)
- acylcarnitine (1)
- adipose tissue-derived MSCs (1)
- adult bees (1)
- alkaloid detection methods (1)
- alkaloids (1)
- altitudinal gradient (1)
- ambrosia beetles (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- annotation (1)
- ant brain (1)
- antagonists (1)
- antennal lobes (1)
- anthropogenic food subsidies (1)
- anti-cancer drug-like molecules (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- ants (1)
- aposematism (1)
- architecture (1)
- assembly mechanisms (1)
- autosomal recessive hearing loss (1)
- autotoxicity (1)
- bacterial infection (1)
- bacterial spread (1)
- bacterial transmission (1)
- baited traps (1)
- bark beetle (1)
- bark beetles (1)
- bark-peeling (1)
- bee conservation (1)
- beech forest (1)
- beetle (1)
- behavioral plasticity (1)
- behavioural plasticity (1)
- bet-hedging (1)
- beta-diversity (1)
- binding (1)
- binding protein (1)
- biodiversity threats (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological macromolecules (1)
- biosecurity (1)
- bird communities (1)
- birds (1)
- blood brain barrier (1)
- blood stream (1)
- bombus terrestris (1)
- bottom‐up and top‐down control (1)
- breeding season (1)
- broadleaf tree species (1)
- bryophytes (1)
- building behavior (1)
- bypass (1)
- calcium signaling pathway (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer metabolism (1)
- canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAdMSCs) (1)
- canine cancer cell lines (1)
- canine cancer therapy (1)
- canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) (1)
- capture (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carrion ecology (1)
- cascade (1)
- caspases (1)
- cathepsin (1)
- ceiba pentandra (1)
- cell cycle (1)
- central complex (1)
- cereals (1)
- cerebEND cells (1)
- checkered beetles (1)
- chemical mimicry (1)
- chimpanzee (1)
- circadian rhythms (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- collective building (1)
- collective pattern (1)
- common garden experiment (1)
- community composition (1)
- community data (1)
- community‐weighted mean (1)
- complex behavior (1)
- complications (1)
- comportement des travailleurs (1)
- connectance (1)
- consanguinity (1)
- conservation (1)
- cool-season grass species (1)
- cooperative breeding (1)
- corticosteroids (1)
- cristae (1)
- cross-link repair (1)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- cycle (1)
- cytokinins (1)
- database (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- defense signaling (1)
- definition (1)
- dendritic specializations (1)
- development (1)
- developmental biology (1)
- diapause (1)
- direct drivers (1)
- discharge definition (1)
- dispersal ability (1)
- distance gradient (1)
- domain (1)
- drosophila (1)
- ecological intensification (1)
- ecological network (1)
- ecological niche (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- elevational diversity (1)
- elevational gradients (1)
- endocytosis (1)
- environmental filtering (1)
- eugenol (1)
- evolutionary (1)
- exit (1)
- exotic plants (1)
- expression (1)
- extracellular vesicle (1)
- facultatively intracellular pathogens (1)
- feeding (1)
- feeding experiment (1)
- feeding guilds (1)
- fire (1)
- flagellar pocket (1)
- flight behaviour (1)
- flippase (1)
- floral display (1)
- floral resources (1)
- flower-visiting insects (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- flupyradifurone (1)
- folliculin (1)
- forest (1)
- forest conservation (1)
- forest degradation (1)
- forest pests (1)
- forest physiognomy (1)
- forest succession (1)
- frameshift (1)
- functional network analysis (1)
- functional traits (1)
- fungi (1)
- fungus community (1)
- fungus-farming (1)
- fused in sarcoma (1)
- gamma H2AX-foci (1)
- gene duplications (1)
- gene expression (1)
- generalization (1)
- genetic diagnosis (1)
- genome-wide linkage analysis (1)
- global change (1)
- gonococcal invasion (1)
- gradients (1)
- grass endophytes (1)
- grasslands (1)
- ground‐dwelling predators (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- habitat heterogeneity (1)
- harvesting (1)
- head and neck cancer (1)
- hearing loss (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- hepatic fibrosis (1)
- high-risk Prostate Cancer (1)
- histology (1)
- honey bee (1)
- honey bees (1)
- honeybee (1)
- horses (1)
- human (1)
- hyphae (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- hypthesis (1)
- impact (1)
- in silico simulation (1)
- individual based model (1)
- infected-cell protein (1)
- infection rates (1)
- inflammation (1)
- insect (1)
- insect agriculture (1)
- insect fungal interactions (1)
- insect nutrition (1)
- insect vision (1)
- insecticide (1)
- insects (1)
- integrase (1)
- interaction map (1)
- interactome (1)
- interspecies comparison (1)
- invasion (1)
- invasive species (1)
- isosteviol sodium (1)
- isothiocyanates (1)
- jewel beetles (1)
- land-use change (1)
- land-use intensity (1)
- landscape structure (1)
- lantana canescens (1)
- lentic inland water bodies (1)
- lipid asymmetry (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- livestock (1)
- long‐term monitoring (1)
- low fidelity (1)
- lowland rainforest (1)
- lung fibrosis (1)
- lysosome (1)
- management (1)
- material composition (1)
- melanoma malignancy (1)
- membrane occupation (1)
- messenger RNA (1)
- meta-transcriptome (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- metabolic adaptation (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- miR (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microRNA-221 (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microglomeruli (1)
- microstructure (1)
- migration (1)
- mimicry rings (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitochondrial activity (1)
- modularity (1)
- molecular cloning (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular modelling (1)
- monitoring (1)
- mortality rate (1)
- mouse (1)
- mushroom bodies (1)
- mushroom body (1)
- mustard oil bomb (1)
- mutualistic interactions (1)
- mycotoxins (1)
- nanoscale imaging (1)
- natural disturbances (1)
- natural killer cell (1)
- naturally occurring polymorphisms (1)
- nature conservation (1)
- necrobiome (1)
- negative density dependence (1)
- neotropical region (1)
- network (1)
- network specialization index (H2′) (1)
- neuromuscular junction (1)
- neuronal network (1)
- neuroprotection (1)
- neutral processes (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (1)
- non-sense mediated mRNA decay (1)
- non‐native plants (1)
- number of interactions (1)
- nutrients (1)
- nutritional adaptations (1)
- oil palm plantations (1)
- olfaction (1)
- oncolytic virus (1)
- optical tracts (1)
- oxidative phosphorylation (1)
- pancreatectomy (1)
- pantanal wetland (1)
- paralogs (1)
- parasitoids (1)
- passes (1)
- pathogen (1)
- perennial ryegrass (1)
- pest control (1)
- pest species (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phenology (1)
- phosphatidylethanolamine (1)
- phosphatidylserine (1)
- phosphatidylserine transport (1)
- plant bacteria (1)
- plant composition (1)
- plant fresh/dry weight (1)
- plant–bee visitation networks (1)
- platelet (1)
- polarized cell culture (1)
- polarized epithelium (1)
- pollen (1)
- pollen and nectar resources (1)
- pollen provisions (1)
- pollen quality (1)
- pollination (1)
- pollinator attraction (1)
- pollinator friendly plants (1)
- polyploidy (1)
- primeval forest (1)
- productivity hypothesis (1)
- projection neurons (1)
- protein synthesis (1)
- proteome (1)
- proteomics (1)
- quantitative stigmergy (1)
- radiofrequency identification (1)
- rational drug design (1)
- reactive electrophilic species (1)
- recognition nexus domain (1)
- rectal cancer (1)
- rectal resection (1)
- redox homeostasis (1)
- regional species pool (1)
- release (1)
- reliability (1)
- replication (1)
- reproductive performance (1)
- resource use (1)
- resources (1)
- restoration strategy (1)
- reveals (1)
- robustness (1)
- salvage logging (1)
- saproxylic species (1)
- satellite DNA (1)
- seasonal phenology (1)
- seasonality (1)
- secondary invader (1)
- secondary site infection (1)
- self-renewal (1)
- semi‐natural habitats (1)
- senescence (1)
- sequence (1)
- shoot apical meristem (1)
- signaling (1)
- social (1)
- social behavior (1)
- sociality (1)
- solution scattering (1)
- spatial variation (1)
- specialization (1)
- species energy theory (1)
- species richness (1)
- species traits (1)
- species turnover (1)
- sphingolipid expansion microscopy (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- sphingosine kinases (1)
- spiders (1)
- splicing (1)
- sporidia (1)
- squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- stem cell transplantation (1)
- stem-cell-triggered immunity (1)
- stratification (1)
- structural synaptic plasticity (1)
- structured illumination microscope (1)
- sturgeon (1)
- sturgeon karyotype (1)
- successional trajectory (1)
- sucrose responsiveness (1)
- sulforaphane (1)
- sun exposure (1)
- superior (1)
- surgical care (1)
- surveillance (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainable (1)
- system inference (1)
- tandem repeats (1)
- target (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature-speciation hypothesis (1)
- temporal variation (1)
- température (1)
- theta (1)
- thin sections (1)
- time series (1)
- transcriptional regulation (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- translation (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- trophic levels (1)
- trophic position (1)
- trypanosoma brucei (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tumor-associated macrophage (1)
- type 1 (1)
- ultrastructure (1)
- uper-resolution array tomography (1)
- vaccinia virus (1)
- vascular plants (1)
- vertebrate scavenger (1)
- vision (1)
- wasps (1)
- water beetles (1)
- whole genome duplication (1)
- whole-genome duplication (1)
- wild bees (1)
- wildlife management (1)
- windthrow (1)
- woody plant richness (1)
- wood‐inhabiting fungi (1)
- worker behavior (1)
- xenophagy (1)
- β-diversity (1)
- ∆Np63 (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (99) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 765937 (1)
- CoG 721016–HERPES (1)
Aim:
Temperature, food resources and top‐down regulation by antagonists are considered as major drivers of insect diversity, but their relative importance is poorly understood. Here, we used cavity‐nesting communities of bees, wasps and their antagonists to reveal the role of temperature, food resources, parasitism rate and land use as drivers of species richness at different trophic levels along a broad elevational gradient.
Location:
Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
Taxon:
Cavity‐nesting Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Colletidae, Megachilidae, Crabronidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae, Vespidae).
Methods:
We established trap nests on 25 study sites that were distributed over similar large distances in terms of elevation along an elevational gradient from 866 to 1788 m a.s.l., including both natural and disturbed habitats. We quantified species richness and abundance of bees, wasps and antagonists, parasitism rates and flower or arthropod food resources. Data were analysed with generalized linear models within a multi‐model inference framework.
Results:
Elevational species richness patterns changed with trophic level from monotonically declining richness of bees to increasingly humped‐shaped patterns for caterpillar‐hunting wasps, spider‐hunting wasps and antagonists. Parasitism rates generally declined with elevation but were higher for wasps than for bees. Temperature was the most important predictor of both bee and wasp host richness patterns. Antagonist richness patterns were also well predicted by temperature, but in contrast to host richness patterns, additionally by resource abundance and diversity. The conversion of natural habitats through anthropogenic land use, which included biomass removal, agricultural inputs, vegetation structure and percentage of surrounding agricultural habitats, had no significant effects on bee and wasp communities.
Main conclusions:
Our study underpins the importance of temperature as a main driver of diversity gradients in ectothermic organisms and reveals the increasingly important role of food resources at higher trophic levels. Higher parasitism rates at higher trophic levels and at higher temperatures indicated that the relative importance of bottom‐up and top‐down drivers of species richness change across trophic levels and may respond differently to future climate change.
Despite decades of scientific effort, there is still no consensus on the determinants of broad-scale gradients of animal diver-sity. We argue that general drivers of diversity are unlikely to be found among the narrowly defined taxa which are typically analyzed in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients because ecological niches evolve largely conservatively. This causes constraints in the use of available niche space leading to systematic differences in diversity gradients among taxa. We instead advocate studies of phylogenetically diverse animal communities along broad environmental gradients. Such multi-taxa communities are less constrained in resource use and diversification and may be better targets for testing major classical hypotheses on diversity gradients. Besides increasing the spatial scale in analyses, expanding the phylogenetic coverage may be a second way to achieve higher levels of generality in studies of broad-scale diversity gradients
Global sustainability agendas focus primarily on halting deforestation, yet the biodiversity crisis resulting from the degradation of remaining forests is going largely unnoticed. Forest degradation occurs through the loss of key ecological structures, such as dying trees and deadwood, even in the absence of deforestation. One of the main drivers of forest degradation is limited awareness by policy makers and the public on the importance of these structures for supporting forest biodiversity and ecosystem function. Here, we outline management strategies to protect forest health and biodiversity by maintaining and promoting deadwood, and propose environmental education initiatives to improve the general awareness of the importance of deadwood. Finally, we call for major reforms to forest management to maintain and restore deadwood; large, old trees; and other key ecological structures.
The transcription factor ∆Np63 is a master regulator of epithelial cell identity and essential for the survival of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung, head and neck, oesophagus, cervix and skin. Here, we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 stabilizes ∆Np63 and maintains elevated ∆NP63 levels in SCC by counteracting its proteasome‐mediated degradation. Impaired USP28 activity, either genetically or pharmacologically, abrogates the transcriptional identity and suppresses growth and survival of human SCC cells. CRISPR/Cas9‐engineered in vivo mouse models establish that endogenous USP28 is strictly required for both induction and maintenance of lung SCC. Our data strongly suggest that targeting ∆Np63 abundance via inhibition of USP28 is a promising strategy for the treatment of SCC tumours.
Mushroom bodies (MBs) are multisensory integration centers in the insect brain involved in learning and memory formation. In the honeybee, the main sensory input region (calyx) of MBs is comparatively large and receives input from mainly olfactory and visual senses, but also from gustatory/tactile modalities. Behavioral plasticity following differential brood care, changes in sensory exposure or the formation of associative long-term memory (LTM) was shown to be associated with structural plasticity in synaptic microcircuits (microglomeruli) within olfactory and visual compartments of the MB calyx. In the same line, physiological studies have demonstrated that MB-calyx microcircuits change response properties after associative learning. The aim of this review is to provide an update and synthesis of recent research on the plasticity of microcircuits in the MB calyx of the honeybee, specifically looking at the synaptic connectivity between sensory projection neurons (PNs) and MB intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells). We focus on the honeybee as a favorable experimental insect for studying neuronal mechanisms underlying complex social behavior, but also compare it with other insect species for certain aspects. This review concludes by highlighting open questions and promising routes for future research aimed at understanding the causal relationships between neuronal and behavioral plasticity in this charismatic social insect.
Erfolgreiche räumliche Orientierung ist für viele Tiere eine alltägliche Herausforderung. Cataglyphis‐Wüstenameisen sind bekannt für ihre Navigationsfähigkeiten, mit deren Hilfe sie nach langen Futtersuchläufen problemlos zum Nest zurückfinden. Wie aber nehmen naive Ameisen ihre Navigationssysteme in Betrieb? Nach mehrwöchigem Innendienst im dunklen Nest werden sie zu Sammlerinnen bei hellem Sonnenschein. Dieser Wechsel erfordert einen drastischen Wandel im Verhalten sowie neuronale Veränderungen im Gehirn. Erfahrene Ameisen orientieren sich vor allem visuell, sie nutzen einen Himmelskompass und Landmarkenpanoramen. Daher absolvieren naive Ameisen stereotype Lernläufe, um ihren Kompass zu kalibrieren und die Nestumgebung kennenzulernen. Während der Lernläufe blicken sie wiederholt zum Nesteingang zurück und prägen sich so ihren Heimweg ein. Zur Ausrichtung ihrer Blicke nutzen sie das Erdmagnetfeld als Kompassreferenz. Cataglyphis‐Ameisen besitzen hierfür einen Magnetkompass, der bislang unbekannt war.
Amphibians evolved in the Devonian period about 400 Mya and represent a transition step in tetrapod evolution. Among amphibians, high-throughput sequencing data are very limited for Caudata, due to their largest genome sizes among terrestrial vertebrates. In this paper we present the transcriptome from the fire bellied newt Cynops orientalis. Data here presented display a high level of completeness, comparable to the fully sequenced genomes available from other amphibians. Moreover, this work focused on genes involved in gametogenesis and sexual development. Surprisingly, the gsdf gene was identified for the first time in a tetrapod species, so far known only from bony fish and basal sarcopterygians. Our analysis failed to isolate fgf24 and foxl3, supporting the possible loss of both genes in the common ancestor of Rhipidistians. In Cynops, the expression analysis of genes described to be sex-related in vertebrates singled out an expected functional role for some genes, while others displayed an unforeseen behavior, confirming the high variability of the sex-related pathway in vertebrates.
Preventing malnutrition through consuming nutritionally appropriate resources represents a challenge for foraging animals. This is due to often high variation in the nutritional quality of available resources. Foragers consequently need to evaluate different food sources. However, even the same food source can provide a plethora of nutritional and non‐nutritional cues, which could serve for quality assessment. We show that bumblebees, Bombus terrestris , overcome this challenge by relying on lipids as nutritional cue when selecting pollen. The bees ‘prioritised’ lipid perception in learning experiments and avoided lipid consumption in feeding experiments, which supported survival and reproduction. In contrast, survival and reproduction were severely reduced by increased lipid contents. Our study highlights the importance of fat regulation for pollen foraging bumblebees. It also reveals that nutrient perception, nutrient regulation and reproductive fitness can be linked, which represents an effective strategy enabling quick foraging decisions that prevent malnutrition and maximise fitness.
Salvage logging, or logging after natural disturbances such as wildfires, insect outbreaks, and windstorms, is carried out to recover some of a forest's natural and/or economic capital. However, trade‐offs between management objectives and a lack of consensus on the ecological consequences of salvage logging impair science‐based decision making on the management of forests after natural disturbances. We conducted a global meta‐analysis of the impacts of salvage logging on regulating ecosystem services and on fuel loads, as a frequent post‐disturbance objective is preventing subsequent wildfires that could be fueled by the accumulation of dead trunks and branches. Salvage logging affected ecosystem services in a moderately negative way, regardless of disturbance type and severity, time elapsed since salvage logging, intensity of salvage logging, and the group of regulating ecosystem services being considered. However, prolonging the time between natural disturbance and salvage logging mitigated negative effects on regulating ecosystem services. Salvage logging had no overall effect on surface fuels; rather, different fuel types responded differently depending on the time elapsed since salvage logging. Delaying salvage logging by ~2–4 years may reduce negative ecological impacts without affecting surface fuel loads.
Folliculin Controls the Intracellular Survival and Trans-Epithelial Passage of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(2020)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Gram-negative obligate human pathogenic bacterium, infects human epithelial cells and causes sexually transmitted diseases. Emerging multi-antibiotic resistant gonococci and increasing numbers of infections complicate the treatment of infected patients. Here, we used an shRNA library screen and next-generation sequencing to identify factors involved in epithelial cell infection. Folliculin (FLCN), a 64 kDa protein with a tumor repressor function was identified as a novel host factor important for N. gonorrhoeae survival after uptake. We further determined that FLCN did not affect N. gonorrhoeae adherence and invasion but was essential for its survival in the cells by modulating autophagy. In addition, FLCN was also required to maintain cell to cell contacts in the epithelial layer. In an infection model with polarized cells, FLCN inhibited the polarized localization of E-cadherin and the transcytosis of gonococci across polarized epithelial cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate here the connection between FLCN and bacterial infection and in particular the role of FLCN in the intracellular survival and transcytosis of gonococci across polarized epithelial cell layers.