Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (112)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (112)
Year of publication
- 2018 (112) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (84)
- Doctoral Thesis (27)
- Preprint (1)
Keywords
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (4)
- Drosophila melanogaster (3)
- X-ray crystallography (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- super-resolution microscopy (3)
- symbiosis (3)
- Apis mellifera (2)
- Biene (2)
- Camponotus floridanus (2)
- Epigenetik (2)
- Genom (2)
- Methylierung (2)
- Phänologie (2)
- Tagesrhythmus (2)
- Timing (2)
- Trypanosomen (2)
- Virulenzfaktor (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- bioinformatics (2)
- cancer (2)
- circadian clock (2)
- dSTORM (2)
- division of labor (2)
- evolution (2)
- fitness (2)
- foraging (2)
- genomics (2)
- honeybee (2)
- land use (2)
- meiosis (2)
- melanoma (2)
- morphology (2)
- neuroblastoma (2)
- paediatric cancer (2)
- proteins (2)
- species richness (2)
- 16S metabarcoding (1)
- 3D lung tumor model (1)
- 3D modeling (1)
- 4TH-Corner Problem (1)
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (1)
- Acyrthosiphon pisum (1)
- Adhäsion (1)
- African trypanosomes (1)
- Alkaloide (1)
- Altern (1)
- Ambrosiella (1)
- Ameise (1)
- Ameisen (1)
- American foulbrood (1)
- Aneuploidy (1)
- Anisandrus (1)
- Ant (1)
- Antibody clearance (1)
- Ants (1)
- Articular-Cartilage (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (1)
- AstA (1)
- Atta vollenweideri (1)
- Aurora-A (1)
- BRAF (1)
- Beauveria bassiana (1)
- Beige adipocytes (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biodiversity Exploratories (1)
- Biodiversitätsexploratorien (1)
- Biokinetics (1)
- Biologie (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomechanical Properties (1)
- Body size (1)
- Body weight (1)
- Boolean signaling network (1)
- Bottom-up (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Bärtierchen (1)
- C-60 fullerene (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- C/EBP (1)
- CCHamide1 (1)
- CIR aerial imagery (1)
- CNG channel (1)
- COPD (1)
- CPAF activation (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Camponotus (1)
- CarO (1)
- Cellular imaging (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Chromatin and Epigenetics (1)
- Chronobiologie (1)
- Circadian Clock (1)
- Circadiane Uhr (1)
- Circadianer Rhythmus (1)
- Circular dichroism (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Coffin–Lowry syndrome (1)
- Cohesin complex (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Community ecology (1)
- Comparative genomics (1)
- Compressive Properties (1)
- DFNB68 (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA complex (1)
- DNA methylation (DNAm) age (1)
- Dmrt1bY (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster motoneuron (1)
- Ecological Networks (1)
- Ecological networks (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem ecology (1)
- Endogenous clock (1)
- Endophytische Pilze (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Epichloe (1)
- Epichloë (1)
- Epigenetische Uhr (1)
- Erythrozyt (1)
- Erythrozytenadhärenz (1)
- European foulbrood (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Exacerbation (1)
- Exazerbation (1)
- F-actin (1)
- FSHD (1)
- Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Fitness (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fungal cell-walls (1)
- Fusarium fujikuroi (1)
- Galectin-1 (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Gene Regulation (1)
- Gene-prediction (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Geruchssinn (1)
- Glutamin (1)
- Glykoproteine (1)
- Gräser (1)
- HECT (1)
- HHV-6 (1)
- HPF (1)
- HPLC-ESI-MS (1)
- HSP90 inhibitor (1)
- HUWE1 (1)
- Hibernation (1)
- Hochauflösende Mikroskopie (1)
- Host-endosymbiont interactions (1)
- Host-pathogen interactions (1)
- Human Knee (1)
- Human Medial Meniscus (1)
- Hymenoptera (1)
- Immun-Transkriptom (1)
- Immunreaktion (1)
- Influenza (1)
- Injuries (1)
- Innate immunity (1)
- Innere Uhr (1)
- Insect (1)
- Insekt (1)
- Interactome (1)
- Ionisierende Strahlung (1)
- JNK (1)
- Jmjd6 (1)
- KRAS mutation signature (1)
- Klima (1)
- Kohlendioxid (1)
- Kommunikation (1)
- Korrelative Mikroskopie (1)
- LEDs (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landouzy-Déjerine-Atrophie (1)
- Latimeria menadoensis (1)
- Leaf cutting ants (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Lipidtransport (1)
- Lokalisationsmikroskopie (1)
- Lolium perenne (1)
- ME/CFS (1)
- MIPs (1)
- MYC (1)
- Maus (1)
- Mechanistic model (1)
- Meiose (1)
- Meiosis (1)
- Merogone experiments (1)
- Metabolismus (1)
- Metarhizium anisopliae (1)
- Model (1)
- Models (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular neuroscience (1)
- Morphologie <Biologie> (1)
- Motiliät (1)
- Multiple Traits (1)
- Multipolar mitosis (1)
- Muscidifurax (1)
- Mutagenese (1)
- Myc (1)
- Myoblast (1)
- Myoblasten (1)
- N-MYC (1)
- NMDA (1)
- NTHi (1)
- Nahrungsaufnahme (1)
- Nasonia (1)
- Neisseria meningitidis (1)
- Nestbau (1)
- Neuroanatomie (1)
- Neurobiology (1)
- Next-Generation Sequencing (1)
- Obstruktive Ventilationsstörung (1)
- Olfaction (1)
- Onkogen (1)
- OpsA (1)
- Oryza sativa (1)
- Osmia (1)
- Osteoarthritis (1)
- PABPs (1)
- PKCζ, (1)
- Paenibacterin (1)
- Parasite development (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Period (1)
- Plasmamembran (1)
- Pollinators (1)
- Polyspermy (1)
- Preclinical (1)
- Progeria adultorum (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) (1)
- Proteintransport (1)
- Proteom (1)
- Protopterus annectens (1)
- Pteromalidae (1)
- Purkinje cells (1)
- RRID: AB_2314041 (1)
- RRID: AB_2314242 (1)
- RRID: AB_2315311 (1)
- RRID: AB_2315460 (1)
- RRID: AB_300798 (1)
- RRID: AB_760350 (1)
- RSK (1)
- Re-Annotation (1)
- Re-annotation (1)
- Repair (1)
- Röntgen-Kleinwinkelstreuung (1)
- Röntgenstrukturanalyse (1)
- S1PR2 (1)
- SIM (1)
- Schlaf (1)
- Science history (1)
- Sea urchin development (1)
- Shaggy kinase (1)
- Simkania (1)
- Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Sox5 (1)
- Soziale Insekten (1)
- Species Traits (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stressresistenz (1)
- Super-resolution microscopy (1)
- Synaptische Proteine (1)
- Synaptonemal complex (1)
- T cells (1)
- T. brucei (1)
- TFIIIC (1)
- Tagesrhythmik (1)
- Taufliege (1)
- Timeless (1)
- Tiotropium (1)
- Tn1549 transposon (1)
- Tn916-like transposon family (1)
- Traits-Environment Relationships (1)
- Transcriptome (1)
- Transkription <Genetik> (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (1)
- Transkriptom (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Trichomalopsis (1)
- Trypanosoma (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei brucei (1)
- Trypanosomes (1)
- VSG (1)
- Vakuole (1)
- Variables Oberflächen Glycoprotein (1)
- Variant surface glycoprotein (1)
- Venusfliegenfalle (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Viral infections (1)
- Voltage-Clamp-Methode (1)
- Wild bees (1)
- Xylosandrus (1)
- Zellbiologie (1)
- Zelloberfläche (1)
- Zellteilung (1)
- Zika virus (1)
- action potentials (1)
- activity rhythms (1)
- ageing (1)
- agricultural intensity (1)
- agroecology (1)
- airborne laser scanning (ALS) (1)
- airflow (1)
- alkaloids (1)
- allometric scaling (1)
- ambrosia fungus (1)
- animal behaviour (1)
- anti-microbial activit (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- artificial diet (1)
- asexuality (1)
- assortative mating (1)
- autosomal recessive non-synstromic hearing loss (1)
- bPAC (1)
- bacterial genomics (1)
- bacterial transcription (1)
- bakanae (1)
- bee communities (1)
- bee disease (1)
- beech forests (1)
- bees (1)
- behavioral conditioning (1)
- behavioral rhythms (1)
- behavioral transition (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biocatalysis (1)
- biodiversity estimation (1)
- biological pest control (1)
- bipolar disorder (1)
- bird diversity (1)
- black woodpecker (1)
- body size distributions; (1)
- breast cancer (1)
- brood rearing (1)
- brucei genome (1)
- building behavior (1)
- cAMP (1)
- calcium (1)
- cancer genomics (1)
- cancer metabolism (1)
- cancer models (1)
- carabid beetles (1)
- carbon dioxide (1)
- cell cycle (1)
- cell growth (1)
- cell wall synthesis (1)
- cellular neuroscience (1)
- cellular waveform (1)
- ceramides (1)
- chemical communication (1)
- chemical ecology (1)
- chemoresistance (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- chlamydia (1)
- chlamydia serine proteases (1)
- chlamydial inclusion (1)
- chromosome movement (1)
- chromosome pairing (1)
- circadian clock neurons (1)
- circadian clocks (1)
- circadian rhythm (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate control (1)
- climate-change (1)
- clonal fungiculture (1)
- cognition (1)
- cohesin (1)
- colon cancer (1)
- coloration (1)
- computational modelling (1)
- conditional sex allocation (1)
- conditioned response (1)
- conjugative transposition (1)
- copy number variation (CNV) (1)
- correlative methods (1)
- cotton (1)
- crop (1)
- crop diversity (1)
- cryptochrome (1)
- crystallography (1)
- cylic GMP (1)
- dMyc (1)
- dead tree (1)
- deadwood (1)
- defense (1)
- delayed radiation effects (1)
- depth (1)
- diet (1)
- differenzielle Methylierung (1)
- dispersal (1)
- distance-dependent decay (1)
- dmP53 (1)
- dog microbiome (1)
- drug design (1)
- eco-evolutionary dynamics (1)
- ecological intensification (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- emergence (1)
- endophytic fungi (1)
- endophytische Pilze (1)
- endoreplication (1)
- erythrocyte adherence (1)
- evolutionary genetics (1)
- exaptation (1)
- experimental evolution (1)
- familiärer Brustkrebs (1)
- feral honey bees (1)
- flagellate (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- flupyradifurone (1)
- flybow (1)
- flytrap (1)
- foliar fungal community (1)
- forest dynamics (1)
- forest ecology (1)
- forest succession (1)
- forestry (1)
- free energy (1)
- fungal biology (1)
- fungal endophytes (1)
- fungal rhodopsins (1)
- fungus-farming insects (1)
- fungus-plant interaction (1)
- gametogenesis (1)
- gene transfer (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetics (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- global (1)
- global DNA methylation (1)
- green light perception (1)
- ground dwelling predators (1)
- guanylyl cyclase-A (1)
- habitat fragmentation (1)
- habitat heterogeneity (1)
- habitat requirements (1)
- habitat suitability model (HSM) (1)
- haematopoietic stem cells (1)
- hibernation (1)
- histone variants (1)
- hollow tree (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- honey bees (1)
- host screening (1)
- human microbiome (1)
- hypothalamus (1)
- imaging and sensing (1)
- immunocytochemistry (1)
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1)
- infection (1)
- inflammation mediators (1)
- insect vision (1)
- insect-fungus mutualism (1)
- insecticides (1)
- insertion-site deep sequencing (1)
- insilico drug screening too (1)
- insulin (1)
- inventory (1)
- ion channels in the nervous system (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- isolation (1)
- jasmonate (1)
- ketogenic diet (1)
- ketone bodies (1)
- lamin (1)
- landscape heterogeneity (1)
- laparoscopic right colectomy (1)
- leaf-cutting ants (1)
- leukemic cells (1)
- localization microscopy (1)
- loss of chromosome Y (LOY); (1)
- lymph nodes (1)
- mRNA (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macrophages immunobiology (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- marine biology (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- master sex-determining gene (1)
- mate recognition (1)
- medaka (1)
- menschliche Hirnevolution (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metabolic profile (1)
- metabolic theory (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- methanogens (1)
- methylation array analysis (1)
- miR-146a (1)
- miR-193a (1)
- microRNA (1)
- microbial diversity and composition (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microbot (1)
- microenvironment (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microswimmer (1)
- mitigation strategies (1)
- mixed hearing loss (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- motility (1)
- mouse microbiome (1)
- multidrug-resistant bacteria (1)
- mutualism (1)
- myoblast (1)
- natriuretic peptides (1)
- nest climate (1)
- neural circuits (1)
- neuropeptide (1)
- neurotransmitters (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (1)
- nuclear envelope (1)
- nutrients (1)
- obesity (1)
- olfaction (1)
- oncogenesis (1)
- optimal size (1)
- optogenetics (1)
- ovary (1)
- pacemaker neuron (1)
- parasite (1)
- patch-clamp (1)
- pathogen vector (1)
- pathogens (1)
- pathology (1)
- pea aphid (1)
- peptidase inhibitor PI15 (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- pesticide (1)
- pharmacology (1)
- phenological response (1)
- phenological shift (1)
- photodanamic therapy (1)
- photoreceptor (1)
- phototransduction (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- pig microbiome (1)
- pigment pattern (1)
- pigment-dispersing factor (1)
- plant-insect-microbe interactions (1)
- polarization (1)
- pollen (1)
- pollination (1)
- pollinator interactions (1)
- potassium (1)
- predictive markers (1)
- prezygotic reproductive isolation (1)
- proteomics (1)
- radiation response (1)
- radiation-induced genome instability (RIGI) (1)
- ras (1)
- rat hippocampal neurons (1)
- renal cancer (1)
- research software (1)
- rice–plant infection (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- sampling method (1)
- scaling relationships (1)
- schizophrenia (1)
- seahorse (1)
- secretion (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensory cues (1)
- sesame (1)
- sex chromosomes (1)
- sex differentiation (1)
- sexual conflict (1)
- sexually antagonistic genes (1)
- simulation (1)
- single molecule real time (SMRT) (1)
- size-dependent movement (1)
- sleep (1)
- snags (1)
- social bees (1)
- spatial (1)
- speciation (1)
- species density (1)
- species interactions (1)
- species spillover (1)
- spectral sensitivity (1)
- spiders (1)
- standardized major axis regression (1)
- standing deadwood (1)
- staphylinid beetles (1)
- structure-activity relationship (1)
- study system (1)
- sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- swarming (1)
- synapse (1)
- synaptic development (1)
- synaptic proteins (1)
- synaptic vesicles (1)
- taste (1)
- teleost fish (1)
- temperate forests (1)
- temperate zones (1)
- temporal (1)
- temporal organization (1)
- testis (1)
- the microtubule-organizing center (1)
- thermal proteome profiling (1)
- three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) (1)
- timing (1)
- tissue nutrient contents (1)
- transcriptional rewiring (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- translational research (1)
- tree cavity (1)
- tree species (1)
- tropical peat swamp forest (1)
- trypanobot (1)
- trypanosoma (1)
- tsetse (1)
- tumor (1)
- turnover (1)
- two-color microscopy (1)
- tyrosine recombinase (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- vancomycin (1)
- varroa (1)
- venus (1)
- vertical transmission (1)
- viruses (1)
- visual pigments (1)
- waggle dance (1)
- water microbiology (1)
- whole exome sequencing (1)
- wild bees (1)
- wild honey bees (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zeitgeber (1)
- zeitliche Organisation (1)
- β-Hydroxybutyrate (1)
- β-cells (1)
- β-diversity (1)
- β3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (112) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
ResearcherID
- J-8841-2015 (1)
Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) regulate mRNA fate by controlling stability and translation through interactions with both the poly(A) tail and eIF4F complex. Many organisms have several paralogs of PABPs and eIF4F complex components and it is likely that different eIF4F/PABP complex combinations regulate distinct sets of mRNAs. Trypanosomes have five eIF4G paralogs, six of eIF4E and two PABPs, PABP1 and PABP2. Under starvation, polysomes dissociate and the majority of mRNAs, most translation initiation factors and PABP2 reversibly localise to starvation stress granules. To understand this more broadly we identified a protein interaction cohort for both T. brucei PABPs by cryo-mill/affinity purification-mass spectrometry. PABP1 very specifically interacts with the previously identified interactors eIF4E4 and eIF4G3 and few others. In contrast PABP2 is promiscuous, with a larger set of interactors including most translation initiation factors and most prominently eIF4G1, with its two partners TbG1-IP and TbG1-IP2. Only RBP23 was specific to PABP1, whilst 14 RNA-binding proteins were exclusively immunoprecipitated with PABP2. Significantly, PABP1 and associated proteins are largely excluded from starvation stress granules, but PABP2 and most interactors translocate to granules on starvation. We suggest that PABP1 regulates a small subpopulation of mainly small-sized mRNAs, as it interacts with a small and distinct set of proteins unable to enter the dominant pathway into starvation stress granules and localises preferentially to a subfraction of small polysomes. By contrast PABP2 likely regulates bulk mRNA translation, as it interacts with a wide range of proteins, enters stress granules and distributes over the full range of polysomes.
Forest biodiversity conservation requires precise, area-wide information on the abundance and distribution of key habitat structures at multiple spatial scales. We combined airborne laser scanning (ALS) data with color-infrared (CIR) aerial imagery for identifying individual tree characteristics and quantifying multi-scale habitat requirements using the example of the three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) (TTW) in the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany). This bird, a keystone species of boreal and mountainous forests, is highly reliant on bark beetles dwelling in dead or dying trees. While previous studies showed a positive relationship between the TTW presence and the amount of deadwood as a limiting resource, we hypothesized a unimodal response with a negative effect of very high deadwood amounts and tested for effects of substrate quality. Based on 104 woodpecker presence or absence locations, habitat selection was modelled at four spatial scales reflecting different woodpecker home range sizes. The abundance of standing dead trees was the most important predictor, with an increase in the probability of TTW occurrence up to a threshold of 44–50 dead trees per hectare, followed by a decrease in the probability of occurrence. A positive relationship with the deadwood crown size indicated the importance of fresh deadwood. Remote sensing data allowed both an area-wide prediction of species occurrence and the derivation of ecological threshold values for deadwood quality and quantity for more informed conservation management.
The HECT-type ubiquitin ligase HECT, UBA and WWE Domain Containing 1, (HUWE1) regulates key cancer-related pathways, including the Myc oncogene. It affects cell proliferation, stress and immune signaling, mitochondria homeostasis, and cell death. HUWE1 is evolutionarily conserved from Caenorhabditis elegance to Drosophila melanogaster and Humans. Here, we report that the Drosophila ortholog, dHUWE1 (CG8184), is an essential gene whose loss results in embryonic lethality and whose tissue-specific disruption establishes its regulatory role in larval salivary gland development. dHUWE1 is essential for endoreplication of salivary gland cells and its knockdown results in the inability of these cells to replicate DNA. Remarkably, dHUWE1 is a survival factor that prevents premature activation of JNK signaling, thus preventing the disintegration of the salivary gland, which occurs physiologically during pupal stages. This function of dHUWE1 is general, as its inhibitory effect is observed also during eye development and at the organismal level. Epistatic studies revealed that the loss of dHUWE1 is compensated by dMyc proeitn expression or the loss of dmP53. dHUWE1 is therefore a conserved survival factor that regulates organ formation during Drosophila development.
Soft tissue tumors of infancy encompass an overlapping spectrum of diseases that pose unique diagnostic and clinical challenges. We studied genomes and transcriptomes of cryptogenic congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), and extended our findings to five anatomically or histologically related soft tissue tumors: infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS), nephroblastomatosis, Wilms tumor, malignant rhabdoid tumor, and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. A key finding is recurrent mutation of EGFR in CMN by internal tandem duplication of the kinase domain, thus delineating CMN from other childhood renal tumors. Furthermore, we identify BRAF intragenic rearrangements in CMN and IFS. Collectively these findings reveal novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies and highlight a prominent role of isolated intragenic rearrangements as drivers of infant tumors.
On the basis of the results of previous national and international trials and studies, the Renal Tumour Study Group of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP–RTSG) has developed a new study protocol for paediatric renal tumours: the UMBRELLA SIOP–RTSG 2016 protocol (the UMBRELLA protocol). Currently, the overall outcomes of patients with Wilms tumour are excellent, but subgroups with poor prognosis and increased relapse rates still exist. The identification of these subgroups is of utmost importance to improve treatment stratification, which might lead to reduction of the direct and late effects of chemotherapy. The UMBRELLA protocol aims to validate new prognostic factors, such as blastemal tumour volume and molecular markers, to further improve outcome. To achieve this aim, large, international, high-quality databases are needed, which dictate optimization and international harmonization of specimen handling and comprehensive sampling of biological material, refine definitions and improve logistics for expert review. To promote broad implementation of the UMBRELLA protocol, the updated SIOP–RTSG pathology and molecular biology protocol for Wilms tumours has been outlined, which is a consensus from the SIOP–RTSG pathology panel.
Ambrosia beetles farm ascomycetous fungi in tunnels within wood. These ambrosia fungi are regarded asexual, although population genetic proof is missing. Here we explored the intraspecific genetic diversity of Ambrosiella grosmanniae and Ambrosiella hartigii (Ascomycota: Microascales), the mutualists of the beetles Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus dispar. By sequencing five markers (ITS, LSU, TEF1α, RPB2, β-tubulin) from several fungal strains, we show that X. germanus cultivates the same two clones of A. grosmanniae in the USA and in Europe, whereas A. dispar is associated with a single A. hartigii clone across Europe. This low genetic diversity is consistent with predominantly asexual vertical transmission of Ambrosiella cultivars between beetle generations. This clonal agriculture is a remarkable case of convergence with fungus-farming ants, given that both groups have a completely different ecology and evolutionary history.
Tropical peat swamp forests sequester globally significant stores of carbon in deep layers of waterlogged, anoxic, acidic and nutrient-depleted peat. The roles of microbes in supporting these forests through the formation of peat, carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling are virtually unknown. This study investigated physicochemical peat properties and microbial diversity between three dominant tree species: Shorea uliginosa (Dipterocarpaceae), Koompassia malaccensis (legumes associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria), Eleiodoxa conferta (palm) and depths (surface, 45 and 90 cm) using microbial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Water pH, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, total phenolic contents and C/N ratio differed significantly between depths, but not tree species. Depth also strongly influenced microbial diversity and composition, while both depth and tree species exhibited significant impact on the archaeal communities. Microbial diversity was highest at the surface, where fresh leaf litter accumulates, and nutrient supply is guaranteed. Nitrogen was the core parameter correlating to microbial communities, but the interactive effects from various environmental variables displayed significant correlation to relative abundance of major microbial groups. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum and the most abundant genus, Rhodoplanes, might be involved in nitrogen fixation. The most abundant methanogens and methanotrophs affiliated, respectively, to families Methanomassiliicoccaceae and Methylocystaceae. Our results demonstrated diverse microbial communities and provide valuable insights on microbial ecology in these extreme ecosystems.
Background:
The cardiac hormones atrial (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) moderate arterial blood pressure and improve energy metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity via their shared cGMP-producing guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor. Obesity is associated with impaired NP/GC-A/cGMP signaling, which possibly contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and its cardiometabolic complications. In vitro, synthetic ANP, via GC-A, stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release from cultured pancreatic islets and β-cell proliferation. However, the relevance for systemic glucose homeostasis in vivo is not known. To dissect whether the endogenous cardiac hormones modulate the secretory function and/or proliferation of β-cells under (patho)physiological conditions in vivo, here we generated a novel genetic mouse model with selective disruption of the GC-A receptor in β-cells.
Methods:
Mice with a floxed GC-A gene were bred to Rip-CreTG mice, thereby deleting GC-A selectively in β-cells (β GC-A KO). Weight gain, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were monitored in normal diet (ND)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. β-cell size and number were measured by immunofluorescence-based islet morphometry.
Results:
In vitro, the insulinotropic and proliferative actions of ANP were abolished in islets isolated from β GC-A KO mice. Concordantly, in vivo, infusion of BNP mildly enhanced baseline plasma insulin levels and glucose-induced insulin secretion in control mice. This effect of exogenous BNP was abolished in β GC-A KO mice, corroborating the efficient inactivation of the GC-A receptor in β-cells. Despite this under physiological, ND conditions, fasted and fed insulin levels, glucose-induced insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and β-cell morphology were similar in β GC-A KO mice and control littermates. However, HFD-fed β GC-A KO animals had accelerated glucose intolerance and diminished adaptative β-cell proliferation.
Conclusions:
Our studies of β GC-A KO mice demonstrate that the cardiac hormones ANP and BNP do not modulate β-cell's growth and secretory functions under physiological, normal dietary conditions. However, endogenous NP/GC-A signaling improves the initial adaptative response of β-cells to HFD-induced obesity. Impaired β-cell NP/GC-A signaling in obese individuals might contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
All over the world, pollinators are threatened by land-use change involving degradation of seminatural habitats or conversion into agricultural land. Such disturbance often leads to lowered pollinator abundance and/or diversity, which might reduce crop yield in adjacent agricultural areas. For West Africa, changes in bee communities across disturbance gradients from savanna to agricultural land are mainly unknown. In this study, we monitored for the impact of human disturbance on bee communities in savanna and crop fields. We chose three savanna areas of varying disturbance intensity (low, medium, and high) in the South Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso, based on land-use/land cover data via Landsat images, and selected nearby cotton and sesame fields. During 21 months covering two rainy and two dry seasons in 2014 and 2015, we captured bees using pan traps. Spatial and temporal patterns of bee species abundance, richness, evenness and community structure were assessed. In total, 35,469 bee specimens were caught on 12 savanna sites and 22 fields, comprising 97 species of 32 genera. Bee abundance was highest at intermediate disturbance in the rainy season. Species richness and evenness did not differ significantly. Bee communities at medium and highly disturbed savanna sites comprised only subsets of those at low disturbed sites. An across-habitat spillover of bees (mostly abundant social bee species) from savanna into crop fields was observed during the rainy season when crops are mass-flowering, whereas most savanna plants are not in bloom. Despite disturbance intensification, our findings suggest that wild bee communities can persist in anthropogenic landscapes and that some species even benefitted disproportionally. West African areas of crop production such as for cotton and sesame may serve as important food resources for bee species in times when resources in the savanna are scarce and receive at the same time considerable pollination service.
Increasing evidence indicates that forest disturbances are changing in response to global change, yet local variability in disturbance remains high. We quantified this considerable variability and analyzed whether recent disturbance episodes around the globe were consistently driven by climate, and if human influence modulates patterns of forest disturbance. We combined remote sensing data on recent (2001–2014) disturbances with in-depth local information for 50 protected landscapes and their surroundings across the temperate biome. Disturbance patterns are highly variable, and shaped by variation in disturbance agents and traits of prevailing tree species. However, high disturbance activity is consistently linked to warmer and drier than average conditions across the globe. Disturbances in protected areas are smaller and more complex in shape compared to their surroundings affected by human land use. This signal disappears in areas with high recent natural disturbance activity, underlining the potential of climate-mediated disturbance to transform forest landscapes.