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Introduction: The long head of the biceps (LHB) is often resected in shoulder surgery. However, its contribution to inflammatory processes in the shoulder remains unclear. In the present study, inflamed and noninflamed human LHBs were comparatively characterized for features of inflammation. Materials and methods: Twenty-two resected LHB tendons were classified into inflamed (n = 11) and noninflamed (n = 11) samples. For histological examination, samples were stained with hematoxylin eosin, Azan, van Gieson, and Masson Goldner trichrome. Neuronal tissue was immunohistochemically visualized. In addition, specific inflammatory marker gene expression of primary LHB-derived cell cultures were analyzed. Results: Features of tendinopathy, such as collagen disorganization, infiltration by inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and extensive neuronal innervation were found in the tendinitis group. Compared to noninflamed samples, inflamed LHBs showed a significantly increased inflammatory marker gene expression Conclusion: Structural and biomolecular differences of both groups suggest that the LHB tendon acts as an important pain generator in the shoulder joint. These findings can, on the one hand, contribute to the understanding of the biomolecular genesis of LHB tendinitis and, on the other hand, provide possibilities for new therapeutic approaches.
Schultererkrankungen nehmen in sozioökonomischer Hinsicht einen Spitzenplatz unter den Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates ein.58 Die häufigen „klassischen Schultererkrankungen“ wie Schulterinstabilitäten, Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen und Omarthrosen sind schon sehr lange bekannt und durch viele Studien gut untersucht. Demgegenüber stellen Läsionen des Aufhängeapparates der langen Bizepssehne (LBS) eine sehr junge Schulterpathologie dar, über die es noch wenige Daten gibt. Im Jahre 1994 formten Walch et al.62 für diese komplexe intraartikuläre Halteschlinge der LBS den Begriff des „stabilizing pulley“, oder Bizepspulley. Im Folgenden sollen Anatomie, Funktion und Pathologie des Bizepspulleys mit allen wichtigen anatomischen Strukturen kurz erläutert werden.