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Hudson, Lawrence N. ; Newbold, Tim ; Contu, Sara ; Hill, Samantha L. L. ; Lysenko, Igor ; De Palma, Adriana ; Phillips, Helen R. P. ; Senior, Rebecca A. ; Bennett, Dominic J. ; Booth, Hollie ; Choimes, Argyrios ; Correia, David L. P. ; Day, Julie ; Echeverria-Londono, Susy ; Garon, Morgan ; Harrison, Michelle L. K. ; Ingram, Daniel J. ; Jung, Martin ; Kemp, Victoria ; Kirkpatrick, Lucinda ; Martin, Callum D. ; Pan, Yuan ; White, Hannah J. ; Aben, Job ; Abrahamczyk, Stefan ; Adum, Gilbert B. ; Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia ; Aizen, Marcelo ; Ancrenaz, Marc ; Arbelaez-Cortes, Enrique ; Armbrecht, Inge ; Azhar, Badrul ; Azpiroz, Adrian B. ; Baeten, Lander ; Báldi, András ; Banks, John E. ; Barlow, Jos ; Batáry, Péter ; Bates, Adam J. ; Bayne, Erin M. ; Beja, Pedro ; Berg, Ake ; Berry, Nicholas J. ; Bicknell, Jake E. ; Bihn, Jochen H. ; Böhning-Gaese, Katrin ; Boekhout, Teun ; Boutin, Celine ; Bouyer, Jeremy ; Brearley, Francis Q. ; Brito, Isabel ; Brunet, Jörg ; Buczkowski, Grzegorz ; Buscardo, Erika ; Cabra-Garcia, Jimmy ; Calvino-Cancela, Maria ; Cameron, Sydney A. ; Cancello, Eliana M. ; Carrijo, Tiago F. ; Carvalho, Anelena L. ; Castro, Helena ; Castro-Luna, Alejandro A. ; Cerda, Rolando ; Cerezo, Alexis ; Chauvat, Matthieu ; Clarke, Frank M. ; Cleary, Daniel F. R. ; Connop, Stuart P. ; D'Aniello, Biagio ; da Silva, Pedro Giovani ; Darvill, Ben ; Dauber, Jens ; Dejean, Alain ; Diekötter, Tim ; Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth ; Dormann, Carsten F. ; Dumont, Bertrand ; Dures, Simon G. ; Dynesius, Mats ; Edenius, Lars ; Elek, Zoltán ; Entling, Martin H. ; Farwig, Nina ; Fayle, Tom M. ; Felicioli, Antonio ; Felton, Annika M. ; Ficetola, Gentile F. ; Filgueiras, Bruno K. C. ; Fonte, Steve J. ; Fraser, Lauchlan H. ; Fukuda, Daisuke ; Furlani, Dario ; Ganzhorn, Jörg U. ; Garden, Jenni G. ; Gheler-Costa, Carla ; Giordani, Paolo ; Giordano, Simonetta ; Gottschalk, Marco S. ; Goulson, Dave ; Gove, Aaron D. ; Grogan, James ; Hanley, Mick E. ; Hanson, Thor ; Hashim, Nor R. ; Hawes, Joseph E. ; Hébert, Christian ; Helden, Alvin J. ; Henden, John-André ; Hernández, Lionel ; Herzog, Felix ; Higuera-Diaz, Diego ; Hilje, Branko ; Horgan, Finbarr G. ; Horváth, Roland ; Hylander, Kristoffer ; Horváth, Roland ; Isaacs-Cubides, Paola ; Ishitani, Mashiro ; Jacobs, Carmen T. ; Jaramillo, Victor J. ; Jauker, Birgit ; Jonsell, Matts ; Jung, Thomas S. ; Kapoor, Vena ; Kati, Vassiliki ; Katovai, Eric ; Kessler, Michael ; Knop, Eva ; Kolb, Annette ; Körösi, Àdám ; Lachat, Thibault ; Lantschner, Victoria ; Le Féon, Violette ; LeBuhn, Gretchen ; Légaré, Jean-Philippe ; Letcher, Susan G. ; Littlewood, Nick A. ; López-Quintero, Carlos A. ; Louhaichi, Mounir ; Lövei, Gabor L. ; Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban ; Luja, Victor H. ; Maeto, Kaoru ; Magura, Tibor ; Mallari, Neil Aldrin ; Marin-Spiotta, Erika ; Marhall, E. J. P. ; Martínez, Eliana ; Mayfield, Margaret M. ; Mikusinski, Gregorz ; Milder, Jeffery C. ; Miller, James R. ; Morales, Carolina L. ; Muchane, Mary N. ; Muchane, Muchai ; Naidoo, Robin ; Nakamura, Akihiro ; Naoe, Shoji ; Nates-Parra, Guiomar ; Navarerete Gutierrez, Dario A. ; Neuschulz, Eike L. ; Noreika, Norbertas ; Norfolk, Olivia ; Noriega, Jorge Ari ; Nöske, Nicole M. ; O'Dea, Niall ; Oduro, William ; Ofori-Boateng, Caleb ; Oke, Chris O. ; Osgathorpe, Lynne M. ; Paritsis, Juan ; Parrah, Alejandro ; Pelegrin, Nicolás ; Peres, Carlos A. ; Persson, Anna S. ; Petanidou, Theodora ; Phalan, Ben ; Philips, T. Keith ; Poveda, Katja ; Power, Eileen F. ; Presley, Steven J. ; Proença, Vânia ; Quaranta, Marino ; Quintero, Carolina ; Redpath-Downing, Nicola A. ; Reid, J. Leighton ; Reis, Yana T. ; Ribeiro, Danilo B. ; Richardson, Barbara A. ; Richardson, Michael J. ; Robles, Carolina A. ; Römbke, Jörg ; Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad ; Rosselli, Loreta ; Rossiter, Stephen J. ; Roulston, T'ai H. ; Rousseau, Laurent ; Sadler, Jonathan P. ; Sáfián, Szbolcs ; Saldaña-Vásquez, Romeo A. ; Samnegård, Ulrika ; Schüepp, Christof ; Schweiger, Oliver ; Sedlock, Jodi L. ; Shahabuddin, Ghazala ; Sheil, Douglas ; Silva, Fernando A. B. ; Slade, Eleanor ; Smith-Pardo, Allan H. ; Sodhi, Navjot S. ; Somarriba, Eduardo J. ; Sosa, Ramón A. ; Stout, Jane C. ; Struebig, Matthew J. ; Sung, Yik-Hei ; Threlfall, Caragh G. ; Tonietto, Rebecca ; Tóthmérész, Béla ; Tscharntke, Teja ; Turner, Edgar C. ; Tylianakis, Jason M. ; Vanbergen, Adam J. ; Vassilev, Kiril ; Verboven, Hans A. F. ; Vergara, Carlos H. ; Vergara, Pablo M. ; Verhulst, Jort ; Walker, Tony R. ; Wang, Yanping ; Watling, James I. ; Wells, Konstans ; Williams, Christopher D. ; Willig, Michael R. ; Woinarski, John C. Z. ; Wolf, Jan H. D. ; Woodcock, Ben A. ; Yu, Douglas W. ; Zailsev, Andreys ; Collen, Ben ; Ewers, Rob M. ; Mace, Georgina M. ; Purves, Drew W. ; Scharlemann, Jörn P. W. ; Pervis, Andy
Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
Bousquet, J. ; Farrell, J. ; Crooks, G. ; Hellings, P. ; Bel, E. H. ; Bewick, M. ; Chavannes, N. H. ; Correia de Sousa, J. ; Cruz, A. A. ; Haahtela, T. ; Joos, G. ; Khaltaev, N. ; Malva, J. ; Muraro, A. ; Nogues, M. ; Palkonen, S. ; Pedersen, S. ; Robalo-Cordeiro, C. ; Samolinski, B. ; Strandberg, T. ; Valiulis, A. ; Yorgancioglu, A. ; Zuberbier, T. ; Bedbrook, A. ; Aberer, W. ; Adachi, M. ; Agusti, A. ; Akdis, C. A. ; Akdis, M. ; Ankri, J. ; Alonso, A. ; Annesi-Maesano, I. ; Ansotegui, I. J. ; Anto, J. M. ; Arnavielhe, S. ; Arshad, H. ; Bai, C. ; Baiardini, I. ; Bachert, C. ; Baigenzhin, A. K. ; Barbara, C. ; Bateman, E. D. ; Beghé, B. ; Ben Kheder, A. ; Bennoor, K. S. ; Benson, M. ; Bergmann, K. C. ; Bieber, T. ; Bindslev-Jensen, C. ; Bjermer, L. ; Blain, H. ; Blasi, F. ; Boner, A. L. ; Bonini, M. ; Bonini, S. ; Bosnic-Anticevitch, S. ; Boulet, L. P. ; Bourret, R. ; Bousquet, P. J. ; Braido, F. ; Briggs, A. H. ; Brightling, C. E. ; Brozek, J. ; Buhl, R. ; Burney, P. G. ; Bush, A. ; Caballero-Fonseca, F. ; Caimmi, D. ; Calderon, M. A. ; Calverley, P. M. ; Camargos, P. A. M. ; Canonica, G. W. ; Camuzat, T. ; Carlsen, K. H. ; Carr, W. ; Carriazo, A. ; Casale, T. ; Cepeda Sarabia, A. M. ; Chatzi, L. ; Chen, Y. Z. ; Chiron, R. ; Chkhartishvili, E. ; Chuchalin, A. G. ; Chung, K. F. ; Ciprandi, G. ; Cirule, I. ; Cox, L. ; Costa, D. J. ; Custovic, A. ; Dahl, R. ; Dahlen, S. E. ; Darsow, U. ; De Carlo, G. ; De Blay, F. ; Dedeu, T. ; Deleanu, D. ; De Manuel Keenoy, E. ; Demoly, P. ; Denburg, J. A. ; Devillier, P. ; Didier, A. ; Dinh-Xuan, A. T. ; Djukanovic, R. ; Dokic, D. ; Douagui, H. ; Dray, G. ; Dubakiene, R. ; Durham, S. R. ; Dykewicz, M. S. ; El-Gamal, Y. ; Emuzyte, R. ; Fabbri, L. M. ; Fletcher, M. ; Fiocchi, A. ; Fink Wagner, A. ; Fonseca, J. ; Fokkens, W. J. ; Forastiere, F. ; Frith, P. ; Gaga, M. ; Gamkrelidze, A. ; Garces, J. ; Garcia-Aymerich, J. ; Gemicioğlu, B. ; Gereda, J. E. ; González Diaz, S. ; Gotua, M. ; Grisle, I. ; Grouse, L. ; Gutter, Z. ; Guzmán, M. A. ; Heaney, L. G. ; Hellquist-Dahl, B. ; Henderson, D. ; Hendry, A. ; Heinrich, J. ; Heve, D. ; Horak, F. ; Hourihane, J. O’. B. ; Howarth, P. ; Humbert, M. ; Hyland, M. E. ; Illario, M. ; Ivancevich, J. C. ; Jardim, J. R. ; Jares, E. J. ; Jeandel, C. ; Jenkins, C. ; Johnston, S. L. ; Jonquet, O. ; Julge, K. ; Jung, K. S. ; Just, J. ; Kaidashev, I. ; Kaitov, M. R. ; Kalayci, O. ; Kalyoncu, A. F. ; Keil, T. ; Keith, P. K. ; Klimek, L. ; Koffi N’Goran, B. ; Kolek, V. ; Koppelman, G. H. ; Kowalski, M. L. ; Kull, I. ; Kuna, P. ; Kvedariene, V. ; Lambrecht, B. ; Lau, S. ; Larenas‑Linnemann, D. ; Laune, D. ; Le, L. T. T. ; Lieberman, P. ; Lipworth, B. ; Li, J. ; Lodrup Carlsen, K. ; Louis, R. ; MacNee, W. ; Magard, Y. ; Magnan, A. ; Mahboub, B. ; Mair, A. ; Majer, I. ; Makela, M. J. ; Manning, P. ; Mara, S. ; Marshall, G. D. ; Masjedi, M. R. ; Matignon, P. ; Maurer, M. ; Mavale‑Manuel, S. ; Melén, E. ; Melo‑Gomes, E. ; Meltzer, E. O. ; Menzies‑Gow, A. ; Merk, H. ; Michel, J. P. ; Miculinic, N. ; Mihaltan, F. ; Milenkovic, B. ; Mohammad, G. M. Y. ; Molimard, M. ; Momas, I. ; Montilla‑Santana, A. ; Morais‑Almeida, M. ; Morgan, M. ; Mösges, R. ; Mullol, J. ; Nafti, S. ; Namazova‑Baranova, L. ; Naclerio, R. ; Neou, A. ; Neffen, H. ; Nekam, K. ; Niggemann, B. ; Ninot, G. ; Nyembue, T. D. ; O’Hehir, R. E. ; Ohta, K. ; Okamoto, Y. ; Okubo, K. ; Ouedraogo, S. ; Paggiaro, P. ; Pali‑Schöll, I. ; Panzner, P. ; Papadopoulos, N. ; Papi, A. ; Park, H. S. ; Passalacqua, G. ; Pavord, I. ; Pawankar, R. ; Pengelly, R. ; Pfaar, O. ; Picard, R. ; Pigearias, B. ; Pin, I. ; Plavec, D. ; Poethig, D. ; Pohl, W. ; Popov, T. A. ; Portejoie, F. ; Potter, P. ; Postma, D. ; Price, D. ; Rabe, K. F. ; Raciborski, F. ; Radier Pontal, F. ; Repka‑Ramirez, S. ; Reitamo, S. ; Rennard, S. ; Rodenas, F. ; Roberts, J. ; Roca, J. ; Rodriguez Mañas, L. ; et al
Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) focuses on the integrated care of chronic diseases. Area 5 (Care Pathways) was initiated using chronic respiratory diseases as a model. The chronic respiratory disease action plan includes (1) AIRWAYS integrated care pathways (ICPs), (2) the joint initiative between the Reference site MACVIA-LR (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif) and ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma), (3) Commitments for Action to the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing and the AIRWAYS ICPs network. It is deployed in collaboration with the World Health Organization Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD). The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing has proposed a 5-step framework for developing an individual scaling up strategy: (1) what to scale up: (1-a) databases of good practices, (1-b) assessment of viability of the scaling up of good practices, (1-c) classification of good practices for local replication and (2) how to scale up: (2-a) facilitating partnerships for scaling up, (2-b) implementation of key success factors and lessons learnt, including emerging technologies for individualised and predictive medicine. This strategy has already been applied to the chronic respiratory disease action plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing.
Zaho, Huaying ; Ghirlando, Rodolfo ; Alfonso, Carlos ; Arisaka, Fumio ; Attali, Ilan ; Bain, David L. ; Bakhtina, Marina M. ; Becker, Donald F. ; Bedwell, Gregory J. ; Bekdemir, Ahmet ; Besong, Tabot M. D. ; Birck, Catherine ; Brautigam, Chad A. ; Brennerman, William ; Byron, Olwyn ; Bzowska, Agnieszka ; Chaires, Jonathan B. ; Chaton, Catherine T. ; Coelfen, Helmbut ; Connaghan, Keith D. ; Crowley, Kimberly A. ; Curth, Ute ; Daviter, Tina ; Dean, William L. ; Diez, Ana I. ; Ebel, Christine ; Eckert, Debra M. ; Eisele, Leslie E. ; Eisenstein, Edward ; England, Patrick ; Escalante, Carlos ; Fagan, Jeffrey A. ; Fairman, Robert ; Finn, Ron M. ; Fischle, Wolfgang ; Garcia de la Torre, Jose ; Gor, Jayesh ; Gustafsson, Henning ; Hall, Damien ; Harding, Stephen E. ; Hernandez Cifre, Jose G. ; Herr, Andrew B. ; Howell, Elizabeth E. ; Isaac, Richard S. ; Jao, Shu-Chuan ; Jose, Davis ; Kim, Soon-Jong ; Kokona, Bashkim ; Kornblatt, Jack A. ; Kosek, Dalibor ; Krayukhina, Elena ; Krzizike, Daniel ; Kusznir, Eric A. ; Kwon, Hyewon ; Larson, Adam ; Laue, Thomas M. ; Le Roy, Aline ; Leech, Andrew P. ; Lilie, Hauke ; Luger, Karolin ; Luque-Ortega, Juan R. ; Ma, Jia ; May, Carrie A. ; Maynard, Ernest L. ; Modrak-Wojcik, Anna ; Mok, Yee-Foong ; Mücke, Norbert ; Nagel-Steger, Luitgard ; Narlikar, Geeta J. ; Noda, Masanori ; Nourse, Amanda ; Obsil, Thomas ; Park, Chad K ; Park, Jin-Ku ; Pawelek, Peter D. ; Perdue, Erby E. ; Perkins, Stephen J. ; Perugini, Matthew A. ; Peterson, Craig L. ; Peverelli, Martin G. ; Piszczek, Grzegorz ; Prag, Gali ; Prevelige, Peter E. ; Raynal, Bertrand D. E. ; Rezabkova, Lenka ; Richter, Klaus ; Ringel, Alison E. ; Rosenberg, Rose ; Rowe, Arthur J. ; Rufer, Arne C. ; Scott, David J. ; Seravalli, Javier G. ; Solovyova, Alexandra S. ; Song, Renjie ; Staunton, David ; Stoddard, Caitlin ; Stott, Katherine ; Strauss, Holder M. ; Streicher, Werner W. ; Sumida, John P. ; Swygert, Sarah G. ; Szczepanowski, Roman H. ; Tessmer, Ingrid ; Toth, Ronald T. ; Tripathy, Ashutosh ; Uchiyama, Susumu ; Uebel, Stephan F. W. ; Unzai, Satoru ; Gruber, Anna Vitlin ; von Hippel, Peter H. ; Wandrey, Christine ; Wang, Szu-Huan ; Weitzel, Steven E ; Wielgus-Kutrowska, Beata ; Wolberger, Cynthia ; Wolff, Martin ; Wright, Edward ; Wu, Yu-Sung ; Wubben, Jacinta M. ; Schuck, Peter
Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a first principles based method to determine absolute sedimentation coefficients and buoyant molar masses of macromolecules and their complexes, reporting on their size and shape in free solution. The purpose of this multi-laboratory study was to establish the precision and accuracy of basic data dimensions in AUC and validate previously proposed calibration techniques. Three kits of AUC cell assemblies containing radial and temperature calibration tools and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) reference sample were shared among 67 laboratories, generating 129 comprehensive data sets. These allowed for an assessment of many parameters of instrument performance, including accuracy of the reported scan time after the start of centrifugation, the accuracy of the temperature calibration, and the accuracy of the radial magnification. The range of sedimentation coefficients obtained for BSA monomer in different instruments and using different optical systems was from 3.655 S to 4.949 S, with a mean and standard deviation of (4.304\(\pm\)0.188) S (4.4%). After the combined application of correction factors derived from the external calibration references for elapsed time, scan velocity, temperature, and radial magnification, the range of s-values was reduced 7-fold with a mean of 4.325 S and a 6-fold reduced standard deviation of \(\pm\)0.030 S (0.7%). In addition, the large data set provided an opportunity to determine the instrument-to-instrument variation of the absolute radial positions reported in the scan files, the precision of photometric or refractometric signal magnitudes, and the precision of the calculated apparent molar mass of BSA monomer and the fraction of BSA dimers. These results highlight the necessity and effectiveness of independent calibration of basic AUC data dimensions for reliable quantitative studies.
Blein, Sophie ; Bardel, Claire ; Danjean, Vincent ; McGuffog, Lesley ; Healay, Sue ; Barrowdale, Daniel ; Lee, Andrew ; Dennis, Joe ; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B. ; Soucy, Penny ; Terry, Mary Beth ; Chung, Wendy K. ; Goldgar, David E. ; Buys, Saundra S. ; Janavicius, Ramunas ; Tihomirova, Laima ; Tung, Nadine ; Dorfling, Cecilia M. ; van Rensburg, Elizabeth J. ; Neuhausen, Susan L. ; Ding, Yuan Chun ; Gerdes, Anne-Marie ; Ejlertsen, Bent ; Nielsen, Finn C. ; Hansen, Thomas V. O. ; Osorio, Ana ; Benitez, Javier ; Andreas Conejero, Raquel ; Segota, Ena ; Weitzel, Jeffrey N. ; Thelander, Margo ; Peterlongo, Paolo ; Radice, Paolo ; Pensotti, Valeria ; Dolcetti, Riccardo ; Bonanni, Bernardo ; Peissel, Bernard ; Zaffaroni, Daniela ; Scuvera, Giulietta ; Manoukian, Siranoush ; Varesco, Liliana ; Capone, Gabriele L. ; Papi, Laura ; Ottini, Laura ; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis ; Konstantopoulou, Irene ; Garber, Judy ; Hamann, Ute ; Donaldson, Alan ; Brady, Angela ; Brewer, Carole ; Foo, Claire ; Evans, D. Gareth ; Frost, Debra ; Eccles, Diana ; Douglas, Fiona ; Cook, Jackie ; Adlard, Julian ; Barwell, Julian ; Walker, Lisa ; Izatt, Louise ; Side, Lucy E. ; Kennedy, M. John ; Tischkowitz, Marc ; Rogers, Mark T. ; Porteous, Mary E. ; Morrison, Patrick J. ; Platte, Radka ; Eeles, Ros ; Davidson, Rosemarie ; Hodgson, Shirley ; Cole, Trevor ; Godwin, Andrew K ; Isaacs, Claudine ; Claes, Kathleen ; De Leeneer, Kim ; Meindl, Alfons ; Gehrig, Andrea ; Wappenschmidt, Barbara ; Sutter, Christian ; Engel, Christoph ; Niederacher, Dieter ; Steinemann, Doris ; Plendl, Hansjoerg ; Kast, Karin ; Rhiem, Kerstin ; Ditsch, Nina ; Arnold, Norbert ; Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda ; Schmutzler, Rita K. ; Preisler-Adams, Sabine ; Markov, Nadja Bogdanova ; Wang-Gohrke, Shan ; de Pauw, Antoine ; Lefol, Cedrick ; Lasset, Christine ; Leroux, Dominique ; Rouleau, Etienne ; Damiola, Francesca ; Dreyfus, Helene ; Barjhoux, Laure ; Golmard, Lisa ; Uhrhammer, Nancy ; Bonadona, Valerie ; Sornin, Valerie ; Bignon, Yves-Jean ; Carter, Jonathan ; Van Le, Linda ; Piedmonte, Marion ; DiSilvestro, Paul A. ; de la Hoya, Miguel ; Caldes, Trinidad ; Nevanlinna, Heli ; Aittomäki, Kristiina ; Jager, Agnes ; van den Ouweland, Ans M. W. ; Kets, Carolien M. ; Aalfs, Cora M. ; van Leeuwen, Flora E. ; Hogervorst, Frans B. L. ; Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J. ; Oosterwijk, Jan C. ; van Roozendaal, Kees E. P. ; Rookus, Matti A. ; Devilee, Peter ; van der Luijt, Rob B. ; Olah, Edith ; Diez, Orland ; Teule, Alex ; Lazaro, Conxi ; Blanco, Ignacio ; Del Valle, Jesus ; Jakubowska, Anna ; Sukiennicki, Grzegorz ; Gronwald, Jacek ; Spurdle, Amanda B. ; Foulkes, William ; Olswold, Curtis ; Lindor, Noralene M. ; Pankratz, Vernon S. ; Szabo, Csilla I. ; Lincoln, Anne ; Jacobs, Lauren ; Corines, Marina ; Robson, Mark ; Vijai, Joseph ; Berger, Andreas ; Fink-Retter, Anneliese ; Singer, Christian F. ; Rappaport, Christine ; Geschwantler Kaulich, Daphne ; Pfeiler, Georg ; Tea, Muy-Kheng ; Greene, Mark H. ; Mai, Phuong L. ; Rennert, Gad ; Imyanitov, Evgeny N. ; Mulligan, Anna Marie ; Glendon, Gord ; Andrulis, Irene L. ; Tchatchou, Andrine ; Toland, Amanda Ewart ; Pedersen, Inge Sokilde ; Thomassen, Mads ; Kruse, Torben A. ; Jensen, Uffe Birk ; Caligo, Maria A. ; Friedman, Eitan ; Zidan, Jamal ; Laitman, Yael ; Lindblom, Annika ; Melin, Beatrice ; Arver, Brita ; Loman, Niklas ; Rosenquist, Richard ; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. ; Nussbaum, Robert L. ; Ramus, Susan J. ; Nathanson, Katherine L. ; Domchek, Susan M. ; Rebbeck, Timothy R. ; Arun, Banu K. ; Mitchell, Gillian ; Karlan, Bethy Y. ; Lester, Jenny ; Orsulic, Sandra ; Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique ; Thomas, Gilles ; Simard, Jacques ; Couch, Fergus J. ; Offit, Kenenth ; Easton, Douglas F. ; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia ; Antoniou, Antonis C. ; Mazoyer, Sylvie ; Phelan, Catherine M. ; Sinilnikova, Olga M. ; Cox, David G.
Introduction:
Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Methods:
We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals.
Results:
We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk.
Conclusions:
This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects.
Predicting bee community responses to land-use changes: Effects of geographic and taxonomic biases
(2016)
De Palma, Adriana ; Abrahamczyk, Stefan ; Aizen, Marcelo A. ; Albrecht, Matthias ; Basset, Yves ; Bates, Adam ; Blake, Robin J. ; Boutin, Céline ; Bugter, Rob ; Connop, Stuart ; Cruz-López, Leopoldo ; Cunningham, Saul A. ; Darvill, Ben ; Diekötter, Tim ; Dorn, Silvia ; Downing, Nicola ; Entling, Martin H. ; Farwig, Nina ; Felicioli, Antonio ; Fonte, Steven J. ; Fowler, Robert ; Franzen, Markus Franzén ; Goulson, Dave ; Grass, Ingo ; Hanley, Mick E. ; Hendrix, Stephen D. ; Herrmann, Farina ; Herzog, Felix ; Holzschuh, Andrea ; Jauker, Birgit ; Kessler, Michael ; Knight, M. E. ; Kruess, Andreas ; Lavelle, Patrick ; Le Féon, Violette ; Lentini, Pia ; Malone, Louise A. ; Marshall, Jon ; Martínez Pachón, Eliana ; McFrederick, Quinn S. ; Morales, Carolina L. ; Mudri-Stojnic, Sonja ; Nates-Parra, Guiomar ; Nilsson, Sven G. ; Öckinger, Erik ; Osgathorpe, Lynne ; Parra-H, Alejandro ; Peres, Carlos A. ; Persson, Anna S. ; Petanidou, Theodora ; Poveda, Katja ; Power, Eileen F. ; Quaranta, Marino ; Quintero, Carolina ; Rader, Romina ; Richards, Miriam H. ; Roulston, T’ai ; Rousseau, Laurent ; Sadler, Jonathan P. ; Samnegård, Ulrika ; Schellhorn, Nancy A. ; Schüepp, Christof ; Schweiger, Oliver ; Smith-Pardo, Allan H. ; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf ; Stout, Jane C. ; Tonietto, Rebecca K. ; Tscharntke, Teja ; Tylianakis, Jason M. ; Verboven, Hans A. F. ; Vergara, Carlos H. ; Verhulst, Jort ; Westphal, Catrin ; Yoon, Hyung Joo ; Purvis, Andy
Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable to other regions and taxa. To assess whether the geographic and taxonomic biases of data could undermine effectiveness of models for conservation policy, we have collated from the published literature a global dataset of bee diversity at sites facing land-use change and intensification, and assess whether bee responses to these pressures vary across 11 regions (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe; North, Central and South America; Australia and New Zealand; South East Asia; Middle and Southern Africa) and between bumblebees and other bees. Our analyses highlight strong regionally-based responses of total abundance, species richness and Simpson's diversity to land use, caused by variation in the sensitivity of species and potentially in the nature of threats. These results suggest that global extrapolation of models based on geographically and taxonomically restricted data may underestimate the true uncertainty, increasing the risk of ecological surprises.
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