Frauenklinik und Poliklinik
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Institute
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik (141)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (10)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (9)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) (7)
- Kinderklinik und Poliklinik (5)
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie (4)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (4)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (3)
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie (3)
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie (Institut für Röntgendiagnostik) (3)
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 259867 (1)
Purpose
Radiotherapy (RT) was identified as a risk factor for long-term cardiac effects in breast cancer patients treated until the 1990s. However, modern techniques reduce radiation exposure of the heart, but some exposure remains unavoidable. In a retrospective cohort study, we investigated cardiac mortality and morbidity of breast cancer survivors treated with recent RT in Germany.
Methods
A total of 11,982 breast cancer patients treated between 1998 and 2008 were included. A mortality follow-up was conducted until 06/2018. In order to assess cardiac morbidity occurring after breast cancer treatment, a questionnaire was sent out in 2014 and 2019. The effect of breast cancer laterality on cardiac mortality and morbidity was investigated as a proxy for radiation exposure. We used Cox Proportional Hazards regression analysis, taking potential confounders into account.
Results
After a median follow-up time of 11.1 years, there was no significant association of tumor laterality with cardiac mortality in irradiated patients (hazard ratio (HR) for left-sided versus right-sided tumor 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.41). Furthermore, tumor laterality was not identified as a significant risk factor for cardiac morbidity (HR = 1.05; 95%CI 0.88–1.25).
Conclusions
Even though RT for left-sided breast cancer on average incurs higher radiation dose to the heart than RT for right-sided tumors, we found no evidence that laterality is a strong risk factor for cardiac disease after contemporary RT. However, larger sample sizes, longer follow-up, detailed information on individual risk factors and heart dose are needed to assess clinically manifest late effects of current cancer therapy.
Next-generation humanized NSG-SGM3 mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection
(2023)
Humanized hemato-lymphoid system mice, or humanized mice, emerged in recent years as a promising model to study the course of infection of human-adapted or human-specific pathogens. Though Staphylococcus aureus infects and colonizes a variety of species, it has nonetheless become one of the most successful human pathogens of our time with a wide armory of human-adapted virulence factors. Humanized mice showed increased vulnerability to S. aureus compared to wild type mice in a variety of clinically relevant disease models. Most of these studies employed humanized NSG (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull) mice which are widely used in the scientific community, but show poor human myeloid cell reconstitution. Since this immune cell compartment plays a decisive role in the defense of the human immune system against S. aureus, we asked whether next-generation humanized mice, like NSG-SGM3 (NOD-scid IL2Rgnull-3/GM/SF) with improved myeloid reconstitution, would prove to be more resistant to infection. To our surprise, we found the contrary when we infected humanized NSG-SGM3 (huSGM3) mice with S. aureus: although they had stronger human immune cell engraftment than humanized NSG mice, particularly in the myeloid compartment, they displayed even more pronounced vulnerability to S. aureus infection. HuSGM3 mice had overall higher numbers of human T cells, B cells, neutrophils and monocytes in the blood and the spleen. This was accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory human cytokines in the blood of huSGM3 mice. We further identified that the impaired survival of huSGM3 mice was not linked to higher bacterial burden nor to differences in the murine immune cell repertoire. Conversely, we could demonstrate a correlation of the rate of humanization and the severity of infection. Collectively, this study suggests a detrimental effect of the human immune system in humanized mice upon encounter with S. aureus which might help to guide future therapy approaches and analysis of virulence mechanisms.
Introduction: National and international guidelines recommend early integration of evidence-based multimodal interventions and programs, especially with a focus on relaxation techniques and other Mind–Body-based methods to maintain the quality of life of oncology patients, improve treatment tolerability, and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. Consequently, we aim to understand what drives patients and how they navigate integrative medicine to best advise them. This study aimed to detect possible topics of particular interest to patients and identify the patient groups that could benefit most from further programs. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate if patients are open-minded toward integrative oncology concepts and learn about their motivational level to maintain or change behavior.
Methods: Between August 2019 and October 2020 we surveyed patients undergoing oncological therapy in a university oncological outpatient center using a custom-developed questionnaire based on established Mind–Body Medicine concepts.
Results: We included 294 patients with various cancers. More than half reported problems sleeping through (61%) and 42% felt stressed frequently, invariably rating this as detrimental to their health. Moreover, a slight majority (52%) felt physically limited due to their disease and only 30% performed defined exercise programs. Women were significantly more likely to feel stressed and reported with alarming frequency that they often feel “everything was up to them.” The 40–65-year-olds reported significantly less restful sleep, more stress and were more dissatisfied with their situation. However, this group already used natural remedies most frequently and was most often motivated to use relaxation techniques in the next 6 months. The lower the perceived individual energy level (EL), the less frequently patients did sport, the more frequently they felt their disease impaired their activity, mostly feeling stressed and tense. We also found significant associations between negative emotions/thoughts and the variables “sleep,” “use of relaxation techniques,” “personal stress perception,” and “successful lifestyle modification.”
Conclusion: Mind–Body programs that focus on patient’s individual resources, with tools to explore impairing patterns of self-perception and cognitive biases, can be a valuable resource for oncology patients and should therefore be part of an integrative medical treatment concept.
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is beneficial and even curative for some cancer patients. However, the majority don’t respond to immune therapy. Across different tumor types, pre-existing T cell infiltrates predict response to checkpoint-based immunotherapy. Based on in vitro pharmacological studies, mouse models and analyses of human melanoma patients, we show that the cytokine GDF-15 impairs LFA-1/β2-integrin-mediated adhesion of T cells to activated endothelial cells, which is a pre-requisite of T cell extravasation. In melanoma patients, GDF-15 serum levels strongly correlate with failure of PD-1-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Neutralization of GDF-15 improves both T cell trafficking and therapy efficiency in murine tumor models. Thus GDF-15, beside its known role in cancer-related anorexia and cachexia, emerges as a regulator of T cell extravasation into the tumor microenvironment, which provides an even stronger rationale for therapeutic anti-GDF-15 antibody development.
Increased intestinal permeability and inflammation, both fueled by dysbiosis, appear to contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. This single-center pilot study aimed to investigate zonulin, a marker of intestinal permeability, and calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, measured in serum and fecal samples of RA patients using commercially available kits. We also analyzed plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, a marker of intestinal permeability and inflammation. Furthermore, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were carried out to determine whether or not there were associations of zonulin and calprotectin with LPS, BMI, gender, age, RA-specific parameters, fiber intake, and short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Serum zonulin levels were more likely to be abnormal with a longer disease duration and fecal zonulin levels were inversely associated with age. A strong association between fecal and serum calprotectin and between fecal calprotectin and LPS were found in males, but not in females, independent of other biomarkers, suggesting that fecal calprotectin may be a more specific biomarker than serum calprotectin is of intestinal inflammation in RA. Since this was a proof-of-principle study without a healthy control group, further research is needed to validate fecal and serum zonulin as valid biomarkers of RA in comparison with other promising biomarkers.
Die tumorbedingte Mangelernährung und Kachexie ist ein Syndrom mit sowohl medizinischer als auch gesundheitsökonomischer Relevanz. In den letzten Jahren wurde ein besseres Verständnis für die komplexe Pathophysiologie, bestehend aus Stoffwechselstörungen, verminderter Energiezufuhr und Entzündungsprozessen, die zum fortschreitenden Muskel- und Fettmassenverlust führen, erreicht. Dieses Verständnis dient bis heute der Entwicklung möglicher präventiver und therapeutischer Ansätze. Geeignete Screening-Tests tragen dazu bei, das Syndrom rechtzeitig zu erkennen und weitere Maßnahmen einzuleiten. Da der Muskel- und Fettmassenverlust nicht immer durch einen reinen Gewichtsverlust gekennzeichnet ist, ist die Erfassung der Körperzusammensetzung ein wesentlicher Bestandteil in der Betreuung onkologisch Erkrankter. Die BIA ist ein hierfür geeignetes Verfahren, welches leicht in den klinischen Alltag zu integrieren ist und besonders zur interindividuellen Verlaufskontrolle herangezogen werden könnte. Ernährungsmedizinische und bewegungstherapeutische Maßnahmen sind bereits fester Bestandteil internationaler Leitlinien. Für pharmakologische Therapiekonzepte besteht noch weiterer Forschungsbedarf, um eine Arzneimittelzulassung zu erreichen. Eine alleinige Intervention ist in der Behandlung der onkologischen Mangelernährung und Kachexie wenig effektiv. Deshalb müssen die Bedeutung und der potentielle Nutzen einer Kombination der einzelnen Behandlungsbausteine näher betrachtet werden, um eine bessere Evidenz zu erhalten. Der nachweisliche Mangel an Ernährungsstrukturen und ernährungsmedizinischer Fachkompetenz, Schwierigkeiten der Definitionsentwicklung und Gestaltung von Studien sowie finanzierungstechnische Fragen stellen ein zentrales Problem in der angemessenen Betreuung der Erkrankten dar. Jedoch bestehen klare Handlungsempfehlungen und Strategien, durch die entsprechende Herausforderungen reduziert oder beseitigt werden könnten. Dadurch profitieren sowohl Erkrankte als auch das Gesundheitssystem. Dies kann durch eine verbesserte Versorgung mittels Prävention, frühzeitiger Erfassung, Diagnose und Einleitung angebrachter Therapiemaßnahmen auf dem Gebiet der tumorbedingten Mangelernährung und Kachexie erreicht werden.
Abstract
Despite multidisciplinary local and systemic therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for most patients with brain metastases is still dismal. The role of adaptive and innate anti-tumor response including the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) machinery of antigen presentation is still unclear. We present data on the HLA class II-chaperone molecule CD74 in brain metastases and its impact on the HLA peptidome complexity.
We analyzed CD74 and HLA class II expression on tumor cells in a subset of 236 human brain metastases, primary tumors and peripheral metastases of different entities in association with clinical data including overall survival. Additionally, we assessed whole DNA methylome profiles including CD74 promoter methylation and differential methylation in 21 brain metastases. We analyzed the effects of a siRNA mediated CD74 knockdown on HLA-expression and HLA peptidome composition in a brain metastatic melanoma cell line.
We observed that CD74 expression on tumor cells is a strong positive prognostic marker in brain metastasis patients and positively associated with tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs). Whole DNA methylome analysis suggested that CD74 tumor cell expression might be regulated epigenetically via CD74 promoter methylation. CD74\(^{high}\) and TIL\(^{high}\) tumors displayed a differential DNA methylation pattern with highest enrichment scores for antigen processing and presentation. Furthermore, CD74 knockdown in vitro lead to a reduction of HLA class II peptidome complexity, while HLA class I peptidome remained unaffected.
In summary, our results demonstrate that a functional HLA class II processing machinery in brain metastatic tumor cells, reflected by a high expression of CD74 and a complex tumor cell HLA peptidome, seems to be crucial for better patient prognosis.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss von Endometriose sowie den Einfluss einer vollständigen Endometriose-Resektion auf morphokinetische, mit dem Implantationserfolg korrelierende Aspekte der Embryonenqualität zu untersuchen.
Für die zugrundeliegende retrospektive Studie wurden 258 im Rahmen von IVF- und/oder ICSI-Zyklen befruchtete und kultivierte Embryonen von 44 Patientinnen mit histologisch gesicherter Endometriose und 43 Patientinnen mit laparoskopisch ausgeschlossener Endometriose ausgewertet. Sowohl Endometriose als auch die vollständige Endometriose-Resektion wurden als Einflussfaktor der frühen Embryonalentwicklung untersucht. Hierfür wurde unter Anwendung des KIDScore\(^{TM}\) D3 und D5 Implantationsdaten-Algorithmus die Morphokinetik der jeweiligen Embryonen verglichen.
Die Analyse ergab keine signifikanten Unterschiede bei den medianen KIDScores\(^{TM}\) D3 zwischen den drei Gruppen aus Patientinnen ohne Endometriose, Patientinnen mit vollständig resezierter Endometriose und Patientinnen ohne vollständige operative Entfernung ihrer Endometriose. Bei den KIDScores\(^{TM}\) D5 erreichten die Embryonen von Patientinnen mit Endometriose ohne vollständige Resektion einen Medianwert von 2,6 (auf einer Skala von 1 bis 9,9), während die Embryonen der Kontrollgruppe aus Patientinnen ohne Endometriose einen Wert von 6,8 erreichten (p = 0,003). Der Medianwert für Embryonen von Endometriose-Patientinnen mit vollständiger chirurgischer Entfernung ihrer Endometriose betrug 7,2, was einen signifikanten Anstieg im Vergleich zu Embryonen von Patientinnen ohne vollständige Resektion darstellt (p = 0,002). Die Umrechnung in die Effektstärke d (Cohens d) ergab einen mittleren Effekt (d = 0,639) für „keine Endometriose“ versus „Endometriose ohne Resektion“ sowie einen großen Effekt (d = 0,93) für „Endometriose-Komplettresektion“ versus „Endometriose ohne Resektion“. In einer Fallserie aus vier Patientinnen, die sich sowohl vor als auch nach vollständiger Resektion ihrer Endometriose IVF-/ICSI-Zyklen unterzogen hatten, zeigten drei von vier Patientinnen eine deutliche Verbesserung der KIDScores\(^{TM}\) nach vollständiger Resektion. Die Schwangerschafts- und Abortraten zwischen Frauen mit und ohne Endometriose(resektion) wichen nicht signifikant voneinander ab.
Zusammenfassend scheint die vollständige Resektion der Endometriose die ansonsten tendenziell verminderte Embryonenqualität von Patientinnen, die sich einer künstlichen Befruchtung unterziehen, zu verbessern. Die Daten sprechen daher dafür, Patientinnen mit Endometriose vor IVF oder ICSI zu einem chirurgischen Eingriff zu raten.
Das triple negative Mamma-Karzinom stellt eine Tumorart dar, welche besonders junge Frauen betrifft und eine schlechte Prognose aufweist. Unterstützende und pro- gnoseverbessernde Therapien sind deshalb Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. Eine mögliche unterstützende Therapie stellt hierbei die ketogene Diät dar. Diese Arbeit untersuchte die Fragestellung, ob β-Hydroxybutyrat (3OHB), welches als Hauptme- tabolit unter ketogener Diät oder beim Fasten erhöht ist, Einfluss auf das Zellwachs- tum triple-negativer Brustkrebszellen ausübt. Außerdem wurde eruiert, ob 3OHB die üblichen Behandlungsformen - Chemotherapie und Strahlentherapie - positiv oder negativ beeinflusst. In vitro wurden Versuche mit drei triple-negativen Brust- krebszellreihen unter möglichst physiologischen Bedingungen durchgeführt. Hierbei konnte durch 3OHB weder ein wachstumsfördernder noch ein wachstumshemmender Effekt beobachtet werden. Genauso zeigte sich bei den Chemo- oder Strahlenthera- pieversuchen keine durch 3OHB induzierte Wechselwirkung. In vivo durchgeführte Studien über den Einfluss einer ketogenen Diät finden sich nur vereinzelt. Um be- lastbare Daten zu erhalten werden deshalb weitere Studien in Zukunft vonnöten sein. Eine ketogene Diät könnte hierbei im Rahmen eines multimodalen Therapie- konzeptes eine unterstützende Rolle spielen, wofür erste Einzelfallstudien Hinweise geben