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Institute
- Institut für Humangenetik (137)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (27)
- Kinderklinik und Poliklinik (6)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI) (5)
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- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (5)
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (4)
- Lehrstuhl für Orthopädie (3)
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (2)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, plastische und ästhetische Operationen (2)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Comprehensive Hearing Center, Department of ORL, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- DNA Analytics Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (1)
Distinct functional roles for the two SLX4 ubiquitin-binding UBZ domains mutated in Fanconi anemia
(2014)
Lachaud, Christophe ; Castor, Dennis ; Hain, Karolina ; Muñoz, Ivan ; Wilson, Jamie ; MacArtney, Thomas J. ; Schindler, Detlev ; Rouse, John
Defects in SLX4, a scaffold for DNA repair nucleases, cause Fanconi anemia due to defective repair of inter-strand DNA crosslinks (ICLs). Some FA patients have an SLX4 deletion removing two tandem UBZ4-type ubiquitin-binding domains, implicated in protein recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Here we show that human SLX4 is recruited to sites of ICL induction but the UBZ-deleted form of SLX4 in cells from FA patients is not. SLX4 recruitment does not require ubiquitination of FANCD2, or the E3 ligases RNF8, RAD18 and BRCA1. We show that the first (UBZ-1), but not the second UBZ domain of SLX4 binds to ubiquitin polymers with a preference for K63-linked chains. Furthermore, UBZ-1 is required for SLX4 recruitment to ICL sites, and for efficient ICL repair in murine fibroblasts. SLX4 UBZ-2 domain does not bind ubiquitin in vitro or contribute to ICL repair, but it is required for resolution of Holliday junctions in vivo. These data shed light on SLX4 recruitment, and suggest that there remain to be identified ubiquitinated ligands and E3 ligases critical for ICL repair.
Objective:
To determine the survival in a population of German patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Patients and methods:
Information about 94 patients born between 1970 and 1980 was obtained by telephone interviews and questionnaires. In addition to age of death or actual age during the investigation, data concerning clinical course and medical interventions were collected.
Results:
67 patients with molecularly confirmed diagnoses had a median survival of 24.0 years. Patients without molecular confirmation (clinical diagnosis only) had a chance of 67 % to reach that age. Grouping of our patient cohort according to the year of death (before and after 2000), ventilation was recognized as main intervention affecting survival with ventilated reaching a median survival of 27.0 years. For those without ventilation it was 19.0 years.
Conclusion and clinical relevance:
our study provides survival data for a cohort of DMD patients in Germany stratified by year of death. Median survival was 24.0 years in patients confirmed by molecular testing. Ventilated patients had a median survival of 27 years. We consider this piece of information helpful in the medical care of DMD patients.
Introduction
Miyoshi myopathy, a type of distal myopathy with predominant involvement of the posterior calf muscles, has been assigned to mutations in the dysferlin gene. However, many of the late-onset limb-girdle and distal myopathies that resemble dysferlinopathy or Miyoshi myopathy remain unclassified, even after extensive immunohistological and genetic analysis.
Case presentation
We report the case of a 59-year-old Caucasian man with distal myopathy and exercise-induced myalgia, preferentially of the leg muscles, closely resembling the Miyoshi phenotype. Magnetic resonance imaging of his calf muscles showed typical fatty replacement of the medial heads of the gastrocnemius muscles and soleus muscles, with progression to the adductor longus muscles over a time course of two years. However, genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of our patient was not related to a mutation in the dysferlin gene but to a novel homozygous splice mutation in the anoctamin 5 gene. Mutations in the anoctamin 5 gene have so far been identified only in some cases of limb-girdle and distal myopathy. Mutations in the anoctamin 5 gene have been assigned to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L, while distal Miyoshi-like phenotypes have been classified as Miyoshi myopathy type 3.
Conclusion
The case presented in this report further strengthens the underlying genetic heterogeneity in Miyoshi myopathy-like phenotypes and adds another family to non-dysferlin, Miyoshi myopathy type 3 of late-onset. Furthermore, our case supports the recent observation that anoctamin 5 mutations are a primary cause of distal non-dysferlin myopathies. Therefore, given the increasing number of anoctamin 5 mutations in Miyoshi-like phenotypes, genetic analysis should include an anoctamin 5 screen in late-onset limb-girdle and distal myopathies.
Prenatal stress-induced programming of genome-wide promoter DNA methylation in 5-HTT-deficient mice
(2014)
Schraut, K. G. ; Jakob, S. B. ; Weidner, M. T. ; Schmitt, A. G. ; Scholz, C. J. ; Strekalova, T. ; El Hajj, N. ; Eijssen, L. M. T. ; Domschke, K. ; Reif, A. ; Haaf, T. ; Ortega, G. ; Steinbusch, H. W. M. ; Lesch, K. P. ; Van den Hove, D. L.
The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT/SLC6A4)-linked polymorphic region has been suggested to have a modulatory role in mediating effects of early-life stress exposure on psychopathology rendering carriers of the low-expression short (s)-variant more vulnerable to environmental adversity in later life. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this gene-by-environment interaction are not well understood, but epigenetic regulation including differential DNA methylation has been postulated to have a critical role. Recently, we used a maternal restraint stress paradigm of prenatal stress (PS) in 5-HTT-deficient mice and showed that the effects on behavior and gene expression were particularly marked in the hippocampus of female 5-Htt+/- offspring. Here, we examined to which extent these effects are mediated by differential methylation of DNA. For this purpose, we performed a genome-wide hippocampal DNA methylation screening using methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) on Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Promoter 1.0 R arrays. Using hippocampal DNA from the same mice as assessed before enabled us to correlate gene-specific DNA methylation, mRNA expression and behavior. We found that 5-Htt genotype, PS and their interaction differentially affected the DNA methylation signature of numerous genes, a subset of which showed overlap with the expression profiles of the corresponding transcripts. For example, a differentially methylated region in the gene encoding myelin basic protein (Mbp) was associated with its expression in a 5-Htt-, PS- and 5-Htt × PS-dependent manner. Subsequent fine-mapping of this Mbp locus linked the methylation status of two specific CpG sites to Mbp expression and anxiety-related behavior. In conclusion, hippocampal DNA methylation patterns and expression profiles of female prenatally stressed 5-Htt+/- mice suggest that distinct molecular mechanisms, some of which are promoter methylation-dependent, contribute to the behavioral effects of the 5-Htt genotype, PS exposure and their interaction.
Kohlhase, Sandra ; Bogdanova, Natalia V. ; Schürmann, Peter ; Bermisheva, Marina ; Khusnutdinova, Elza ; Antonenkova, Natalia ; Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won ; Hillemanns, Peter ; Meyer, Andreas ; Christiansen, Hans ; Schindler, Detlev ; Dörk, Thilo
The ERCC4 protein forms a structure-specific endonuclease involved in the DNA damage response. Different cancer syndromes such as a subtype of Xeroderma pigmentosum, XPF, and recently a subtype of Fanconi Anemia, FA-Q, have been attributed to biallelic ERCC4 gene mutations. To investigate whether monoallelic ERCC4 gene defects play some role in the inherited component of breast cancer susceptibility, we sequenced the whole ERCC4 coding region and flanking untranslated portions in a series of 101 Byelorussian and German breast cancer patients selected for familial disease (set 1, n = 63) or for the presence of the rs1800067 risk haplotype (set 2, n = 38). This study confirmed six known and one novel exonic variants, including four missense substitutions but no truncating mutation. Missense substitution p.R415Q (rs1800067), a previously postulated breast cancer susceptibility allele, was subsequently screened for in a total of 3,698 breast cancer cases and 2,868 controls from Germany, Belarus or Russia. The Gln415 allele appeared protective against breast cancer in the German series, with the strongest effect for ductal histology (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.49; 0.92; p = 0.003), but this association was not confirmed in the other two series, with the combined analysis yielding an overall Mantel-Haenszel OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.81; 1.08). There was no significant effect of p.R415Q on breast cancer survival in the German patient series. The other three detected ERCC4 missense mutations included two known rare variants as well as a novel substitution, p.E17V, that we identified on a p.R415Q haplotype background. The p.E17V mutation is predicted to be probably damaging but was present in just one heterozygous patient. We conclude that the contribution of ERCC4/FANCQ coding mutations to hereditary breast cancer in Central and Eastern Europe is likely to be small.
Osorio, Ana ; Milne, Roger L. ; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline ; Vaclová, Tereza ; Pita, Guillermo ; Alonso, Rosario ; Peterlongo, Paolo ; Blanco, Ignacio ; de la Hoya, Miguel ; Duran, Mercedes ; Diez, Orland ; Ramón y Cajal, Teresa ; Konstantopoulou, Irene ; Martínez-Bouzas, Christina ; Conejero, Raquel Andrés ; Soucy, Penny ; McGuffog, Lesley ; Barrowdale, Daniel ; Lee, Andrew ; Arver, Brita ; Rantala, Johanna ; Loman, Niklas ; Ehrencrona, Hans ; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. ; Beattie, Mary S. ; Domchek, Susan M. ; Nathanson, Katherine ; Rebbeck, Timothy R. ; Arun, Banu K. ; Karlan, Beth Y. ; Walsh, Christine ; Lester, Jenny ; John, Esther M. ; Whittemore, Alice S. ; Daly, Mary B. ; Southey, Melissa ; Hopper, John ; Terry, Mary B. ; Buys, Saundra S. ; Janavicius, Ramunas ; Dorfling, Cecilia M. ; van Rensburg, Elizabeth J. ; Steele, Linda ; Neuhausen, Susan L. ; Ding, Yuan Chun ; Hansen, Thomas V. O. ; Jønson, Lars ; Ejlertsen, Bent ; Gerdes, Anne-Marie ; Infante, Mar ; Herráez, Belén ; Moreno, Leticia Thais ; Weitzel, Jeffrey N. ; Herzog, Josef ; Weeman, Kisa ; Manoukian, Siranoush ; Peissel, Bernard ; Zaffaroni, Daniela ; Scuvera, Guilietta ; Bonanni, Bernardo ; Mariette, Frederique ; Volorio, Sara ; Viel, Alessandra ; Varesco, Liliana ; Papi, Laura ; Ottini, Laura ; Tibiletti, Maria Grazia ; Radice, Paolo ; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis ; Garber, Judy ; Ellis, Steve ; Frost, Debra ; Platte, Radka ; Fineberg, Elena ; Evans, Gareth ; Lalloo, Fiona ; Izatt, Louise ; Eeles, Ros ; Adlard, Julian ; Davidson, Rosemarie ; Cole, Trevor ; Eccles, Diana ; Cook, Jackie ; Hodgson, Shirley ; Brewer, Carole ; Tischkowitz, Marc ; Douglas, Fiona ; Porteous, Mary ; Side, Lucy ; Walker, Lisa ; Morrison, Patrick ; Donaldson, Alan ; Kennedy, John ; Foo, Claire ; Godwin, Andrew K. ; Schmutzler, Rita Katharina ; Wappenschmidt, Barbara ; Rhiem, Kerstin ; Engel, Christoph ; Meindl, Alftons ; Ditsch, Nina ; Arnold, Norbert ; Plendl, Hans Jörg ; Niederacher, Dieter ; Sutter, Christian ; Wang-Gohrke, Shan ; Steinemann, Doris ; Preisler-Adams, Sabine ; Kast, Karin ; Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda ; Gehrig, Andrea ; Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique ; Sinilnikova, Olga M. ; Mazoyer, Sylvie ; Damiola, Francesca ; Poppe, Bruce ; Claes, Kathleen ; Piedmonte, Marion ; Tucker, Kathy ; Backes, Floor ; Rodríguez, Gustavo ; Brewster, Wendy ; Wakeley, Katie ; Rutherford, Thomas ; Caldés, Trinidad ; Nevanlinna, Heli ; Aittomäki, Kristiina ; Rookus, Matti A. ; van Os, Theo A. M. ; van der Kolk, Lizet ; de Lange, J. L. ; Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J. ; van der Hout, A. H. ; van Asperen, Christi J. ; Goméz Garcia, Encarna B. ; Encarna, B. ; Hoogerbrugge, Nicoline ; Collée, J. Margriet ; van Deurzen, Carolien H. M. ; van der Luijt, Rob B. ; Devilee, Peter ; Olah, Edith ; Lázaro, Conxi ; Teulé, Alex ; Menéndez, Mireia ; Jakubowska, Anna ; Cybulski, Cezary ; Gronwald, Jecek ; Lubinski, Jan ; Durda, Katarzyna ; Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna ; Johannsson, Oskar Th. ; Maugard, Christine ; Montagna, Marco ; Tognazzo, Silvia ; Teixeira, Manuel R. ; Healey, Sue ; Olswold, Curtis ; Guidugli, Lucia ; Lindor, Noralane ; Slager, Susan ; Szabo, Csilla I. ; Vijai, Joseph ; Robson, Mark ; Kauff, Noah ; Zhang, Liying ; Rau-Murthy, Rohini ; Fink-Retter, Anneliese ; Singer, Christine F. ; Rappaport, Christine ; Kaulich, Daphne Geschwantler ; Pfeiler, Georg ; Tea, Muy-Kheng ; Berger, Andreas ; Phelan, Catherine M. ; Greene, Mark H. ; Mai, Phuong L. ; Lejbkowicz, Flavio ; Andrulis, Irene ; Mulligan, Anna Marie ; Glendon, Gord ; Toland, Amanda Ewart ; Bojesen, Anders ; Pedersen, Inge Sokilde ; Sunde, Lone ; Thomassen, Mads ; Kruse, Torben A. ; Jensen, Uffe Birk ; Friedman, Eitan ; Laitman, Yeal ; Shimon, Shanie Paluch ; Simard, Jaques ; Easton, Douglas F. ; Offit, Kenneth ; Couch, Fergus J. ; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia ; Antoniou, Antonis C. ; Benitez, Javier
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be associated with cancer risk in carriers of mutations in the high-penetrance susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the BER pathway, PARP1 (poly ADP ribose polymerase), and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 18 genes involved in BER using a tagging SNP approach in a large series of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. 144 SNPs were analyzed in a two stage study involving 23,463 carriers from the CIMBA consortium (the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2). Eleven SNPs showed evidence of association with breast and/or ovarian cancer at p<0.05 in the combined analysis. Four of the five genes for which strongest evidence of association was observed were DNA glycosylases. The strongest evidence was for rs1466785 in the NEIL2 (endonuclease VIII-like 2) gene (HR: 1.09, 95% CI (1.03-1.16), p = 2.7x10(-3)) for association with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers, and rs2304277 in the OGG1 (8-guanine DNA glycosylase) gene, with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR: 1.12 95% CI: 1.03-1.21, p = 4.8x10(-3)). DNA glycosylases involved in the first steps of the BER pathway may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and should be more comprehensively studied.
Tayebi, Naeimeh ; Jamsheer, Aleksander ; Flöttmann, Ricarda ; Sowinska-Seidler, Anna ; Doelken, Sandra C. ; Oehl-Jaschkowitz, Barbara ; Hülsemann, Wiebke ; Habenicht, Rolf ; Klopocki, Eva ; Mundlos, Sefan ; Spielmann, Malte
Background: A growing number of non-coding regulatory mutations are being identified in congenital disease. Very recently also some exons of protein coding genes have been identified to act as tissue specific enhancer elements and were therefore termed exonic enhancers or "eExons".
Methods: We screened a cohort of 134 unrelated families with split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM) with high resolution array CGH for CNVs with regulatory potential.
Results: In three families with an autosomal dominant non-syndromic SHFM phenotype we detected microdeletions encompassing the exonic enhancer (eExons) 15 and 17 of DYNC1I1. In a fourth family, who had hearing loss in addition to SHFM, we found a larger deletion of 510 kb including the eExons of DYNC1I1 and, in addition, the human brain enhancer hs1642. Exons 15 and 17 of DYNC1I1 are known to act as tissue specific limb enhancers of DLX5/6, two genes that have been shown to be associated with SHFM in mice. In our cohort of 134 unrelated families with SHFM, deletions of the eExons of DYNC1I1 account for approximately 3% of the cases, while 17p13.3 duplications were identified in 13% of the families, 10q24 duplications in 12%, and TP63 mutations were detected in 4%.
Conclusions: We reduce the minimal critical region for SHFM1 to 78 kb. Hearing loss, however, appears to be associated with deletions of a more telomeric region encompassing the brain enhancer element hs1642. Thus, SHFM1 as well as hearing loss at the same locus are caused by deletion of regulatory elements. Deletions of the exons with regulatory potential of DYNC1I1 are an example of the emerging role of exonic enhancer elements and their implications in congenital malformation syndromes.
Semmler, Anna-Lena ; Sacconi, Sabrina ; Bach, J. Elisa ; Liebe, Claus ; Bürmann, Jan ; Kley, Rudolf A. ; Ferbert, Andreas ; Anderheiden, Roland ; Van den Bergh, Peter ; Martin, Jean-Jacques ; De Jonghe, Peter ; Neuen-Jacob, Eva ; Müller, Oliver ; Deschauer, Marcus ; Bergmann, Markus ; Schröder, J. Michael ; Vorgerd, Matthias ; Schulz, Jörg B. ; Weis, Joachim ; Kress, Wolfram ; Claeys, Kristl G.
Background: Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are a group of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders, which are characterized by protein aggregations in muscle fibres and can be associated with multisystemic involvement.
Methods: We screened a large cohort of 38 index patients with MFM for mutations in the nine thus far known causative genes using Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS). We studied the clinical and histopathological characteristics in 38 index patients and five additional relatives (n = 43) and particularly focused on the associated multisystemic symptoms.
Results: We identified 14 heterozygous mutations (diagnostic yield of 37%), among them the novel p. Pro209Gln mutation in the BAG3 gene, which was associated with onset in adulthood, a mild phenotype and an axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy, in the absence of giant axons at the nerve biopsy. We revealed several novel clinical phenotypes and unusual multisystemic presentations with previously described mutations: hearing impairment with a FLNC mutation, dysphonia with a mutation in DES and the first patient with a FLNC mutation presenting respiratory insufficiency as the initial symptom. Moreover, we described for the first time respiratory insufficiency occurring in a patient with the p. Gly154Ser mutation in CRYAB. Interestingly, we detected a polyneuropathy in 28% of the MFM patients, including a BAG3 and a MYOT case, and hearing impairment in 13%, including one patient with a FLNC mutation and two with mutations in the DES gene. In four index patients with a mutation in one of the MFM genes, typical histological findings were only identified at the ultrastructural level (29%).
Conclusions: We conclude that extraskeletal symptoms frequently occur in MFM, particularly cardiac and respiratory involvement, polyneuropathy and/or deafness. BAG3 mutations should be considered even in cases with a mild phenotype or an adult onset. We identified a genetic defect in one of the known genes in less than half of the MFM patients, indicating that more causative genes are still to be found. Next generation sequencing techniques should be helpful in achieving this aim.
von Bernuth, Horst ; Ravindran, Ethiraj ; Du, Hang ; Froehler, Sebastian ; Strehl, Karoline ; Kraemer, Nadine ; Issa-Jahns, Lina ; Amulic, Borko ; Ninnemann, Olaf ; Xiao, Mei-Sheng ; Eirich, Katharina ; Koelsch, Uwe ; Hauptmann, Kathrin ; John, Rainer ; Schindler, Detlev ; Wahn, Volker ; Chen, Wei ; Kaindl, Angela M.
The autosomal recessive immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome (ICF) is characterized by immunodeficiency, developmental delay, and facial anomalies. ICF2, caused by biallelic ZBTB24 gene mutations, is acknowledged primarily as an isolated B-cell defect. Here, we extend the phenotype spectrum by describing, in particular, for the first time the development of a combined immune defect throughout the disease course as well as putative autoimmune phenomena such as granulomatous hepatitis and nephritis. We also demonstrate impaired cell-proliferation and increased cell death of immune and non-immune cells as well as data suggesting a chromosome separation defect in addition to the known chromosome condensation defect.
Haaf, Thomas ; Vona, Barbara ; Nanda, Indrajit ; Neuner, Cordula ; Schröder, Jörg ; Kalscheuer, Vera M. ; Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa
Background
Terminal deletions of chromosome 4q are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes including cardiac, craniofacial, digital, and cognitive impairment. The rarity of this syndrome renders genotype-phenotype correlation difficult, which is further complicated by the widely different phenotypes observed in patients sharing similar deletion intervals.
Case presentation
Herein, we describe a boy with congenital hearing impairment and a variety of moderate syndromic features that prompted SNP array analysis disclosing a heterozygous 6.9 Mb deletion in the 4q35.1q35.2 region, which emerged de novo in the maternal germ line.
Conclusion
In addition to the index patient, we review 35 cases from the literature and DECIPHER database to attempt genotype-phenotype correlations for a syndrome with great phenotypic variability. We delineate intervals with recurrent phenotypic overlap, particularly for cleft palate, congenital heart defect, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. Broad phenotypic presentation of the terminal 4q deletion syndrome is consistent with incomplete penetrance of the individual symptoms.