Refine
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (407)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (228)
- Doctoral Thesis (156)
- Book article / Book chapter (14)
- Conference Proceeding (6)
- Review (2)
- Preprint (1)
Keywords
- Toxikologie (121)
- DNA damage (18)
- Oxidativer Stress (16)
- micronuclei (13)
- oxidative stress (13)
- Adenosinrezeptor (12)
- DNS-Schädigung (12)
- genotoxicity (12)
- Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (10)
- GPCR (10)
- Mikrokerne (10)
- Adenosine receptors (9)
- G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren (9)
- Angiotensin II (7)
- Biomarker (7)
- FRET (7)
- Genotoxizität (7)
- Herzinsuffizienz (7)
- heart failure (7)
- DNA (6)
- Genotoxicity (6)
- Gentoxizität (6)
- Maus (6)
- Mutagenität (6)
- Pharmakologie (6)
- cAMP (6)
- genomic damage (6)
- Adenosin (5)
- Aldosteron (5)
- Carcinogen (5)
- DNA binding (5)
- Dimerisierung (5)
- ERK1/2 (5)
- G-protein (5)
- Kleinkern (5)
- MAP-Kinase (5)
- Medizin (5)
- Micronuclei (5)
- Toxizität (5)
- biomarker (5)
- cardiac hypertrophy (5)
- nephrotoxicity (5)
- Adenylate cyclase (4)
- Calcium (4)
- Comet Assay (4)
- Cyclo-AMP (4)
- DNA-Schaden (4)
- G proteins (4)
- Genomschaden (4)
- Herzhypertrophie (4)
- Inhibition (4)
- Niere (4)
- apoptosis (4)
- bariatric surgery (4)
- calcium (4)
- comet assay (4)
- fluorescence resonance energy transfer (4)
- metabolism (4)
- micronucleus test (4)
- mutagenicity (4)
- mycotoxin (4)
- signal transduction (4)
- toxicity (4)
- 1 (3)
- Adrenerger Rezeptor (3)
- Beta-Rezeptor (3)
- Biotransformation (3)
- Carcinogenesis (3)
- Carcinogenicity (3)
- Carcinogens (3)
- Chronophin (3)
- Dialyse (3)
- Enzyme induction (3)
- Ernährung (3)
- G protein-coupled receptors (3)
- G-Protein (3)
- Hormone (3)
- Hypertonie (3)
- In vitro (3)
- Insulin (3)
- LC-MS (3)
- Leber (3)
- Magenchirurgie (3)
- Metabolismus (3)
- Mikrokern (3)
- Mikrokerntest (3)
- Muscarinrezeptor (3)
- NADPH-Oxidase (3)
- Nephrotoxizität (3)
- Nichtionisierende Strahlung (3)
- PDXP (3)
- Phosphatase (3)
- Phosphatasen (3)
- Phosphoglykolatphosphatase (3)
- Pneumolysin (3)
- Pyridoxalphosphat (3)
- RKIP (3)
- Rezeptor (3)
- Signaltransduktion (3)
- Zelle (3)
- cancer (3)
- carcinogenicity (3)
- cytoskeleton (3)
- differentiation (3)
- heart (3)
- hypertension (3)
- inflammation (3)
- liver (3)
- transcription factors (3)
- 18F-FDG (2)
- 5-Azacytidine (2)
- A1 adenosine receptors (2)
- Actin (2)
- Adenosine receptor (2)
- Adipositas (2)
- Aflatoxin (2)
- Alpha-2-Rezeptor (2)
- Ames test (2)
- Anthocyane (2)
- Apoptose (2)
- Apoptosis (2)
- Autoimmunerkrankung (2)
- BRET (2)
- Bakteriengift (2)
- Benfotiamin (2)
- Benzene (2)
- Bestrahlung (2)
- Beta-1-Rezeptor (2)
- Brustkrebs (2)
- Carcinogenese (2)
- Carcinogenität (2)
- DNA Binding (2)
- DNA Schaden (2)
- DNA repair (2)
- DNS-Schaden (2)
- DNS-Strangbruch (2)
- Diethylstilbestrol (2)
- Dose response (2)
- Dose-response relationship (2)
- Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung (2)
- Electropermeabilization (2)
- Elektrofusion (2)
- Elektroporation (2)
- Estrogen (2)
- FCS (2)
- Fluoreszenz (2)
- Furan (2)
- Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer (2)
- G protein coupled receptor (2)
- G-Protein gekoppelter Rezeptor (2)
- G-protein coupled receptor (2)
- Genetic instability (2)
- HPLC-MS (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- Herz (2)
- Hirnhautentzündung (2)
- Huh6 (2)
- Hypertrophie (2)
- Hämatopoetische Stammzellen (2)
- Hämodialyse (2)
- Inhalation (2)
- Kanzerogenese (2)
- Kardiomyopathie (2)
- Kongestive Herzmuskelkrankheit (2)
- Krebs (2)
- L5178Y cells (2)
- Lasiocarpin (2)
- Meningitis (2)
- Merkaptursäuren (2)
- Metabonomics (2)
- Micronucleus (2)
- Mikroskopie (2)
- Myokarditis (2)
- N-formyl peptides (2)
- Noradrenalin (2)
- PDE (2)
- PET (2)
- Paracetamol (2)
- Parathormon (2)
- Peptidtherapie (2)
- Pharmakokinetik (2)
- Pharmazie (2)
- Phosducin (2)
- Phosphodiesterase (2)
- Pyrrolizidinalkaloide (2)
- QIVIVE (2)
- Radioligand binding (2)
- Raf kinase inhibitor protein (2)
- Raf-Kinasen (2)
- Rat (2)
- Regulation (2)
- Reproductive toxicity (2)
- Risikoanalyse (2)
- Risk Assessment (2)
- Salmonella/microsome assay (2)
- Silicones (2)
- Sulforaphan (2)
- Terahertzbereich (2)
- Terahertzstrahlung (2)
- Toxicology (2)
- Toxin (2)
- Transgene Tiere (2)
- Zellkultur (2)
- Zellzyklus (2)
- actin (2)
- actinomycetes (2)
- adenosine (2)
- adenosine receptor (2)
- adenosine receptors (2)
- aldosterone (2)
- barbiturates (2)
- bariatrische Chirurgie (2)
- beta-adrenerge Signalwege (2)
- biased signaling (2)
- binding (2)
- biomedicine, general (2)
- cGMP (2)
- cancer risk (2)
- carcinogen (2)
- cell biology (2)
- cell culture (2)
- cisplatin (2)
- classification (2)
- comet-assay (2)
- cytokinins (2)
- dialysis (2)
- dialysis patients (2)
- environmental health (2)
- epigenetics (2)
- estrogen (2)
- familial DCM (2)
- fluorescence (2)
- furan (2)
- iPSC-cardiomyocytes (2)
- immunohistochemistry (2)
- in-vivo (2)
- insulin (2)
- kidney (2)
- kidneys (2)
- lymphocytes (2)
- mast cells (2)
- medicine (2)
- membrane skeleton (2)
- meningitis (2)
- mercapturic acid (2)
- mercapturic acids (2)
- metabonomics (2)
- myocarditis (2)
- non-ionizing radiation (2)
- obesity (2)
- occupational medicine/industrial medicine (2)
- oxidativer Stress (2)
- peripheral lymphocytes (2)
- pharmacogenetics (2)
- pharmacokinetics (2)
- pharmacology/toxicology (2)
- phosphorylation (2)
- pneumolysin (2)
- positron emission tomography (2)
- radiation (2)
- rat brain membranes (2)
- receptors (2)
- resveratrol (2)
- risk assessment (2)
- terahertz radiation (2)
- therapy (2)
- transgen (2)
- uremic toxins (2)
- vitamin B6 (2)
- yam (2)
- Östrogene (2)
- (Mouse L-cell) (1)
- (Rat brain membrane) (1)
- (Rat liver) (1)
- (Salmonella) (1)
- 1H-NMR-Spectroscopy (1)
- 2 (1)
- 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (1)
- 2-Acetylaminofluorene (1)
- 2-Dichloroethane (1)
- 2-Dioxetane (1)
- 2-Generation reproduction (1)
- 2-acetylaminofluorene (1)
- 3 (1)
- 3-pentafluoropropene (1)
- 3-tetrafluoropropene (1)
- 3R (1)
- 4'-hydroxylation (1)
- 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (1)
- 4-Aminobiphenyl (1)
- 4-aminobiphenyl (1)
- 4-dial (1)
- 6-benzylaminopurine (1)
- 7,8-Dihydroxyflavon (1)
- 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (1)
- 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) (1)
- 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (1)
- 8-Oxo-2’-desoxyguanosin (1)
- 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (1)
- A(2B) receptors (1)
- A1 (1)
- A1 Adenosine receptors (1)
- A2B adenosine receptor (1)
- A2BAR (1)
- A<sub>2</sub> Adenosine receptor (1)
- AAF (1)
- ADHS (1)
- AMPK (1)
- API-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- AUM (1)
- A\(_{2A}\) adenosine receptor antagonist (1)
- Acetaminophen (1)
- Acetylcysteinderivate (1)
- Acrylamid (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Actin cytoskeleton (1)
- Activation (1)
- Addition (1)
- Adenosine (1)
- Adenosine receptor antagonists (1)
- Adenylatcyclaseassay (1)
- Adipositaschirurgie (1)
- Adrenalin (1)
- Adrenerger Neuronenblocker (1)
- Adrenergic Receptor (1)
- Adrenergic neurone blocking agent (1)
- Adrenergic receptor (1)
- Adrenergisches System (1)
- Adrenozeptor (1)
- Advanced glycosylation end products (1)
- Adverse Outcome Pathway (1)
- Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) (1)
- Aflatoxin B1 (1)
- Aktionspotenzial (1)
- Aktivierung (1)
- Aldosteronantagonist (1)
- Alkylantien (1)
- Alkylation (1)
- Allosterie (1)
- Alternans (1)
- Alterung (1)
- Alzheimers disease (1)
- Amino acid composition (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Anabolieagent (1)
- Aneugene (1)
- Angewandte Toxikologie (1)
- Angiotensin (1)
- Angiotensin II Typ 1a-Rezeptor (1)
- Angiotensin-II-Blocker (1)
- Angst (1)
- Aniline derivatives (1)
- Animal model (1)
- Anthraquinone glycosides (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antimutagen (1)
- Antioxidans (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Arsen (1)
- Aryl hydrocarbon rnonooxygenase (1)
- Arzneimittel (1)
- Astrozyt (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Atherosklerose (1)
- Atria (1)
- Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom (1)
- Autofocus (1)
- Azole (1)
- Azoles (1)
- B cells (1)
- BETA(2)-adrenergic receptor (1)
- BG-1 Zellen (1)
- BG-1 cells (1)
- BMS-5 (1)
- Background DNA damage (1)
- Bacterial Toxins (1)
- Bacterial meningitis (1)
- Bakterielle Hirnhautentzündung (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Barbiturat (1)
- Barbiturates (1)
- Barth syndrome (1)
- Bcl-2 (1)
- Benzefuran dioxetane (1)
- Benzefuran epoxide (1)
- Benzo(a)pyrene-DNA binding (1)
- Berenil (1)
- Beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (1)
- Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (1)
- Beta- adrenergic receptors (1)
- Beta-1-receptor (1)
- Beta-Adrenergic Receptor (1)
- Beta-Adrenozeptor (1)
- Beta-Receptor subtypes (1)
- Beta-Rezeptor Subtypen (1)
- Beta-adrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- Bilirubin (1)
- Bindungsassay (1)
- Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biostatistik (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Blutbildendes System (1)
- Blutgefäß (1)
- Blutstammzelle (1)
- Bombyx mori (1)
- BrdU (1)
- Bromodeoxyuridine labeling (1)
- C1q/TNF related protein (CTRP) (1)
- C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (1)
- CAMP production (1)
- CCT (1)
- CFC replacements (1)
- CFP (1)
- CHO-Zellen (1)
- CHO-cells (1)
- CIB1 (1)
- CMF-Therapie (1)
- CRISPR Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CTRP (1)
- CXCR4 (1)
- CYP19 (1)
- CYP51 (1)
- CaMKII (1)
- Calcium-bindende Proteine (1)
- Calciumkanal (1)
- Cancer prevention (1)
- Carcinogen risk Individual susceptibili (1)
- Carcinogenic potency (1)
- Cardiac myocyte ; Beta-Receptor ; Muscarinic receptor ; cAMP ; G-protein ; Serum (1)
- Cardiomyocyte (1)
- Caseinkinase 2 (1)
- Caspase-1 (1)
- Caveolae (1)
- Celecoxib (1)
- Cell adhesion (1)
- Cell death and comet assay (1)
- Cell transformation (1)
- Chemical carcinogenesis (1)
- Chemokine (1)
- Chemokine receptors (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Chemotactic receptors (1)
- Chemotherapie (1)
- Chlorfluorkohlenstoffe (1)
- Choline deficiency (1)
- Cholinesteraseinhibitor (1)
- Chromosome aberration (1)
- Chromosome distribution (1)
- Chronic heart-failure (1)
- Chronical renal failure (1)
- Clonidin (1)
- Coffein (1)
- Cofilin (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Comet assay (1)
- Comet-Assay (1)
- Covalent DNA binding (1)
- Covalent binding (1)
- Covalent binding index (1)
- Covalent binding index - Diethylstilbestrol (1)
- Cyclic AMP (1)
- Cyclo-GMP (1)
- Cytochalasin-B micronucleus assay (1)
- Cytochrom P450 (1)
- Cytochrome b5 (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Cytologie (1)
- DAMGO (1)
- DCM (1)
- DCM genetic background (1)
- DES (1)
- DIPP2a (1)
- DIPP2a-Protein (1)
- DNA Damage (1)
- DNA adduct . Repair endonuclease (1)
- DNA adducts (1)
- DNA base excision repair (1)
- DNA binching (1)
- DNA damage response (1)
- DNA metabolism (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA transfection (1)
- DNA-Addukte (1)
- DNA-Binding (1)
- DNA-Damage (1)
- DNA-Reparatur (1)
- DNA-Schäden (1)
- DNA-damage (1)
- DNS (1)
- DNS-Bindung (1)
- DNS-Doppelstrangbruch (1)
- DNS-Reparatur (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Depression (1)
- Dermatologie (1)
- Di (1)
- Dialysepatienten (1)
- Dialysis (1)
- Diclofenac (1)
- Dietary process-related contaminants (1)
- Differenzierung (1)
- Differenzierungszustand (1)
- Diisononyl phthalate (1)
- Dilatative Kardiomyopathie (1)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (1)
- Dioscorea (1)
- Diskriminanzanalyse (1)
- Dopamin-beta-Hydroxylase Promotor (1)
- Dose response relationships (1)
- Drug resistance (1)
- Dualstere Liganden (1)
- Dualsteric Ligands (1)
- EAD (1)
- EGF-Rezeptor (1)
- EGF-receptor (1)
- ERK Dimerisierungsdefizienz (1)
- ERK signaling (1)
- ERK-Kaskade (1)
- ERK-Monomer (1)
- ERK-cascade (1)
- ERK1/2 Dimerisierung (1)
- ERK1/2-Autophosphorylierung (1)
- ERK2d4 (1)
- ESDR (1)
- Ecdyson (1)
- Effekt-Modifizierung (1)
- Eierstockkrebs (1)
- Einwärtsgleichrichtung (1)
- Einzelzellgelelektrophorese (1)
- Electric Field (1)
- Electrical breakdown (1)
- Electrophiles (1)
- Elektrokardiogramm (1)
- Elektromagnetische Felder (1)
- Embryonalen Stammzellen (1)
- Embryonalentwicklung (1)
- Emodin (1)
- Empfindlichkeit (1)
- Endogenous genotoxicity (1)
- Endokrinologie (1)
- Endothelzelle (1)
- Endozytose (1)
- Entzündung (1)
- Epac (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Epoxide hydrolase (1)
- Erk1/2 (1)
- Ersatzstoff (1)
- Erythrozyt (1)
- Estrone (1)
- Ethionine (1)
- Eukaryotic cell (1)
- Excitotoxicity (1)
- Expositionsmarker (1)
- External exposure assessment (1)
- Extrakorporale Dialyse (1)
- FACS (1)
- FCKW-Ersatzstoffe (1)
- FHK (1)
- FPG protein (1)
- FRAP (1)
- FRET sensors (1)
- Fabry Disease (FD) (1)
- Fettsucht (1)
- Fibromyalgie (1)
- Fibrose (1)
- Fischer 344 rats (1)
- Fl (1)
- FlAsH (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence Microscopy (1)
- Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (1)
- Fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer (1)
- Fluoreszenz <Motiv> (1)
- Fluoreszenzkorrelationsspektroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- Fluoxetin (1)
- Fluoxetine (1)
- Folsäure (1)
- Frank-Starling-Gesetz (1)
- Friedreich’s ataxia (1)
- Fumonisin B1 (1)
- Fumonisine (1)
- Functional analyses (1)
- Fungizid (1)
- Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (1)
- G Protein (1)
- G Protein-Coupled Receptor (1)
- G beta gamma (1)
- G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) (1)
- G protein-gekoppelte Rezeptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) (1)
- G-Protein-gekoppelter-Rezeptor (1)
- G-Proteine (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (1)
- GABA-receptor complex (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GC/MS (1)
- GIRK (1)
- GPCR dimerisation (1)
- GPCR signaling (1)
- GPCRs (1)
- GTP-bindende Proteine (1)
- Gastric carcinogenesis (1)
- Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 biomarkers (1)
- Gbetagamma-Untereinheiten (1)
- Gbetagamma-subunits (1)
- Gebärmutterhalskrebs (1)
- Gefäßentwicklung (1)
- Gegensatz (1)
- Genanalyse (1)
- Gene Transfer (1)
- Gene transfer (1)
- Genmutation (1)
- Genomische Instabilität (1)
- Genotoxicitiy (1)
- Genotyp (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Gentoxikologie (1)
- Gi/o (1)
- Gilbert Syndrom (1)
- Gilbert´s Syndrome (1)
- Glatte Muskulatur (1)
- Glioblastom (1)
- Glucuronidation (1)
- Glukuronidierung (1)
- Glutathion S-Konjugat (1)
- Glutathione Stransferase (1)
- Glycerin-3-phosphat (1)
- Glycerinphosphate (1)
- Gq-Protein (1)
- Grün fluoreszierendes Protein (1)
- Guanin Nukleotid Austauschfaktor (1)
- Guaninnucleotid-Austauschfaktoren (1)
- Guanylatcyclase (1)
- HAD-Phosphatasen (1)
- HCM (1)
- HCN channel (1)
- HCN-Kanal (1)
- HFC245fa (1)
- HIPEC therapy (1)
- HIV (1)
- HIV infection (1)
- HPLC-MS/MS method (1)
- Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Tumor (1)
- Harn (1)
- Hauptkomponentenanalyse (1)
- HeLa cells (1)
- Hemmung der Proliferation schnell wachsender Krebszellen (1)
- Herpesviren (1)
- Herzfrequenz (1)
- Herzmuskelzelle (1)
- Herzrhythmusstörung (1)
- Hietzeschockprotein (1)
- High-thropughput screening (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Hintergrund-DNA-Schaden (1)
- Hochdurchsatz-Screening (1)
- Hoechst 33258 dye (1)
- Homocystein (1)
- Hsp90 (1)
- Human (1)
- Human platelets (1)
- Humane Hämatopoetische Stammzellen (1)
- Hybridoma (1)
- Hydroxylradikal (1)
- Hyperinsulinämie (1)
- Hypernephrom (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- Hyperthermie (1)
- Hypertrophische Herzmuskelkrankheit (1)
- Häm (1)
- Hämatopoese (1)
- Hämodiafiltration (1)
- Hämoglobinaddukte (1)
- I1 Imidazolin Bindungsstelle (1)
- I1 imidazoline binding site (1)
- Immunization (1)
- Immunkardiomyopathie (1)
- Immunoblot (1)
- Immunologie (1)
- In vitro testing (1)
- In vitro toxicity testing (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-silico Modell (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Inhibitor (1)
- Interferenz (1)
- Inward Rectification (1)
- Ischemia/reperfusion (1)
- Janus-Aktivität (1)
- K + -channels (1)
- Kaffee (1)
- Kalzium (1)
- Kandidatengene (1)
- Kaninchen (1)
- Kardiomoyzyten (1)
- Kardiomyozyt (1)
- Kardiomyozyten (1)
- Karzinogenese (1)
- Katecholamine (1)
- Kidneys (1)
- Kinase signaling (1)
- Kinder (1)
- Kinetochore (1)
- Kinetochores (1)
- Klassifizierung (1)
- Klastogene (1)
- Knockout (1)
- Kognitive Beeinträchtigung (1)
- Kombination (1)
- Konformationsänderung (1)
- Kopf-Hals-Tumor (1)
- Krebs <Medizin> (1)
- L5178Y-Zellen (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LIMK (1)
- LPS (1)
- LTB4 receptor (1)
- Latrophilin (1)
- Lebendzellmikroskopie (1)
- Leukocyte/endothelium interaction (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Liganden (1)
- Lipidom (1)
- Lipidomics (1)
- Liver (1)
- Lung (1)
- Lymphozyt (1)
- Lymphozyten (1)
- Lysosom (1)
- MAO-Hemmer (1)
- MAP (1)
- MAP-kinase (1)
- MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (1)
- MDA-MB-231-Brustkrebszellen (1)
- MIBG (1)
- MMQ cells (1)
- MMR-Reparatur (1)
- Magenkrebs (1)
- MammaJian mutagenicity test (1)
- Mammakarzinom (1)
- Map-kinase (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Mastzelle (1)
- Matrix-Metalloprotease (1)
- Matrix-Metalloproteinase (1)
- Mauslymphomtest (1)
- Mauslymphomzellen (1)
- Mauslymphomzellen L5178Y (1)
- Mechanism of action (1)
- Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) (1)
- Melanocyte stimulating hormones MSH (1)
- Melanoma (1)
- Melanomzelllinien (1)
- Membranrezeptor (1)
- Merkaptolaktat (1)
- Merkaptursäure (1)
- Metabolic activation (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metabolism saturation (1)
- Metabolite von Morphin (1)
- Metabolites of morphine (1)
- Metabolom (1)
- Metabolomics (1)
- Metabonomix (1)
- Methode der partiellen kleinsten Quadrate (1)
- Methylierung (1)
- Methylphenidat (1)
- Methymethansulfonat (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Micronucleus formation (1)
- Micronucleus test (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Mikrokernfrequenz (1)
- Mikrokernfrequenzanalyse (1)
- Mikronukleus-Assay (1)
- Mineralokortikoidrezeptor (1)
- Mitosis (1)
- Mobiles Endgerät (1)
- Mobilfunk (1)
- Mobilfunkstrahlung (1)
- Molekularpharmakologie (1)
- Monoaminoxidase (1)
- Morphin (1)
- Multivariate Analyse (1)
- Mundschleimhaut (1)
- Mundschleimhautzellen (1)
- Mutagen (1)
- Mutagenicity (1)
- Mutagenicity assay (1)
- Mutagenitätstest (1)
- Mutagens (1)
- Mutation (1)
- Mutation assay (1)
- Mykotoxin (1)
- Myocard (1)
- Myofilament (1)
- Myosin (1)
- N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (1)
- N1E 115 cells (1)
- NADPH oxidase (1)
- NHERF (1)
- NOF (1)
- Na/H-Austauscher (1)
- Na/H-exchanger (1)
- Na\(_V\)1.8 (1)
- Natrium-Calcium-Austauscher (1)
- Nebenniere (1)
- Neomycin Resistance (1)
- Nephrotoxicity (1)
- Nervennetz (1)
- Nervenzelle (1)
- Neuronale (1)
- Niereninsuffizienz (1)
- Nierenschädigung (1)
- Nierenschädigungsmarker (1)
- Nierenzellkarzinom (1)
- Nitrosation (1)
- Nitrosativer Stress (1)
- Nitrosierung (1)
- No:cGMP-Signalling (1)
- No:cGMP-Signalweg (1)
- Nrf 2 (1)
- OXPHOS (1)
- Opiatrezeptor (1)
- Ortspezifische Mutagenese (1)
- Oxidative Stress (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oxygen radical (1)
- PBPK/PBTK model (1)
- PDE-Hemmung (1)
- PDE2 (1)
- PDXP inhibitors (1)
- PKA (1)
- PLCβ3 (1)
- PLP (1)
- PMCA (1)
- PTH1R (1)
- Paclitaxel (1)
- Partial Agonists (1)
- Partialagonismus (1)
- Passivrauchen (1)
- Patulin (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Perforine (1)
- PhD thesis pharmacology (1)
- Pharmakogenetik (1)
- Phenobarbital (1)
- Phosducin-like Proteine (1)
- Phosducin-ähnliches protein (PhLP) (1)
- Phosphodiesterasen (1)
- Phosphoglykolat (1)
- Phosphoglykolat-Phosphatase (1)
- Phospholipase C (1)
- Phosphorylierung (1)
- Photoaffinity labelling (1)
- Physiologically based kinetic models (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Phytohormone (1)
- Phänotyp (1)
- Phäochromozytomzellen (1)
- Plasmamembran-Kalzium-ATPase (1)
- Plazenta (1)
- Pointmutation (1)
- Pore (1)
- Pore formation (1)
- Pore-formation (1)
- Porenbildung (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Prognostic impact (1)
- Prolactin (1)
- Propenderivate (1)
- Proteasom (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein Folding (1)
- Protein Interaction (1)
- Protein binding (1)
- Protein coding (1)
- Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Proteinaddukte (1)
- Proteinbindung (1)
- Proteinfaltung (1)
- Proteinkinase A (1)
- Proteinkinase C (1)
- Proteinkinase CK2 (1)
- Proteintyrosinphosphatase (1)
- Proteolyse (1)
- Protonen-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase (1)
- Pyridoxalphosphat Phosphatase (1)
- Quantitative risk assessment (1)
- RAMP (1)
- RBM20 mutations (1)
- RGS2 (1)
- RNA degradation (1)
- RNS-Interferenz (1)
- ROS (1)
- Radiation inactivation (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Radioligand binding - 86Rb + -efflux (1)
- Radioligands (1)
- Radioligauds (1)
- Radiosensibilisierung (1)
- Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) (1)
- Raf1 (1)
- Raman micro-spectroscopy (1)
- Rat Iiver microsomes (1)
- Rat liver peroxisome (1)
- Ratte (1)
- Raucher (1)
- ReAsH (1)
- Reactive intermediates (1)
- Reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (1)
- Reaktive Zwischenstufe (1)
- Real-Time quantitative PCR (1)
- Receptor (1)
- Receptor dynamics (1)
- Refraktärzeit (1)
- Regulator of G protein signaling 2 (1)
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (1)
- Renin-Angiotensin-System (1)
- Resistenzentwicklung (1)
- Resveratrol (1)
- Retinales S-Antigen (1)
- Rgs2 (1)
- Rho-GTPasen (1)
- Rho-Proteine (1)
- Riddelliin (1)
- Riot control agents (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Risk estimation (1)
- Risk-factors (1)
- SCN5a (1)
- ST-elevation myocardial infarction (1)
- SUMO (1)
- Salmonella typhimurium (1)
- Schwesterchromatidenaustausche (1)
- Sekunde (1)
- Selenmangel (1)
- Senecionin (1)
- Seneciphyllin (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Short-term Carcinogenicity Test (1)
- Short-term tests (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Signalkette (1)
- Small RNA (1)
- Species Differences (1)
- Species differences (1)
- Spermatogenesis (1)
- Speziesunterschiede (1)
- Spironolacton (1)
- Spontaneous tumours (1)
- Src (1)
- Stable Transformation (1)
- Statin (1)
- Stickstoffmonoxid (1)
- Stickstoffoxidsynthase (1)
- Stoffwechsel (1)
- Strahlentherapie (1)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (1)
- Streptomyces (1)
- Stress (1)
- Structureactivity relationship (1)
- Styrol (1)
- Substratspezifitätsschleife (1)
- Sudden Cardiac Death (1)
- Sulfonylharnstoffe (1)
- Sulforaphane (1)
- Sympathikus (1)
- Synergie (1)
- Synergismus (1)
- Systembiologie (1)
- Säugerzellen (1)
- Säugetiere (1)
- T cells (1)
- TCP-1 alpha (1)
- TIRF (1)
- TK6 cells (1)
- Tabakrauch (1)
- Target size (1)
- Tetrachlormethan (1)
- Tetracystein-Motive (1)
- Tetracystein-Motivee (1)
- Thebain (1)
- Theophylline (1)
- Thrombin (1)
- Thymidine glycol (1)
- Tiermodell (1)
- Time-of-flight (1)
- Toluene (1)
- Toxicokinetics (1)
- Toxikokinetik (1)
- Toxizitätstest (1)
- Transfection (1)
- Transgene Mäuse (1)
- Transgenes Mausmodell (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Transgenic mouse (1)
- Transgenie mice (1)
- Transkription (1)
- Transkriptionsfaktoren (1)
- Trenbolone (1)
- Trifluorpropionsäure (1)
- Tritiated Water (1)
- Troponin (1)
- Tumorpromotion (1)
- Tumorzelle (1)
- Tumorzellproliferation (1)
- Tyrosin (1)
- Tyrosin phosphatase (1)
- UCP2 (1)
- UCP2-Protein (1)
- UGT1A1 (1)
- Ubiquitin (1)
- Unscheduled DNA synthesis (1)
- Urämische Toxine (1)
- Uterine tumors (1)
- VASP (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Valvular heart-desease (1)
- Venerologie (1)
- Vitamin B12 (1)
- Vitamin B6 (1)
- Vitamin B6 Metabolismus (1)
- Vitamin E Mangel (1)
- Vitamin-B6-Stoffwechsel (1)
- Volume distribution (1)
- WD 40 Repeat Proteins (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wachstumskonus (1)
- Water resources (1)
- Wirkstoff-Rezeptor-Bindung (1)
- Xanthines (1)
- YFP (1)
- Zell-Adhäsion (1)
- Zelladhäsion (1)
- Zelldifferenzierung (1)
- Zelllinie (1)
- Zellproliferationssteigerung (1)
- Zellskelett (1)
- Zellteilung (1)
- Zelltransport (1)
- Zellzykluskontrolle (1)
- Zigarettenrauch (1)
- Zyklopeptid (1)
- [3H]PIA binding (1)
- absorption (1)
- activation (1)
- active zone (1)
- acute slices (1)
- adduct (1)
- adenine (1)
- adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (1)
- adenylate cyclase (1)
- adenylyl cyclase signaling cascade (1)
- adenylyl-cyclase isoforms (1)
- adhesion GPCR (1)
- adiponectin (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adrenal gland (1)
- adrenerg (1)
- adrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- adrenergic (1)
- adrenergic receptors (1)
- adrenoceptor (1)
- adult ADHD (1)
- adult cardiac myocytes (1)
- advanced glycosylation end product (1)
- adverse outcome pathway (1)
- adverse outcome pathway (AOP) (1)
- aflatoxin (1)
- aflatoxin B1 (1)
- ageing (1)
- agonists (1)
- alkylating agent (1)
- alkylating agents (1)
- alkylation (1)
- allelic variant (1)
- allosteric modulation (1)
- alpha2 (1)
- alpha2-KO Maus (1)
- alpha2-KO mouse (1)
- alpha2-Rezeptor (1)
- alpha2-adrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- alpha2-adrenergic receptors (1)
- alpha2-receptor (1)
- alternative methods (1)
- amine (1)
- amino acid (1)
- aneugens (1)
- angiotensin II (1)
- angiotensin II type 1a receptor (1)
- antagonists (1)
- anthocyanins (1)
- anti-Parkinson agents (1)
- anti-inflammatory agents (1)
- antibacterial/antiviral drug (1)
- antibodies (1)
- antibody/autoantibody (1)
- antimutagenicity (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- aortocaval fistula model (1)
- aromatic amides (1)
- arrhythmia (1)
- arrhythmogenesis (1)
- arsenite (1)
- assay (1)
- association (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- atopic eczema (1)
- atopische Erkrankungen (1)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (1)
- autophosphorylation of ERK1/2 (1)
- avaliação de risco (1)
- bacterial meningitis (1)
- base excision repair (incision activity) (1)
- benfotiamine (1)
- beta-adrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- beta-adrenergic signal transduction (1)
- beta2-adrenoceptor knockout (1)
- beta3 CL 316,243 (1)
- binding affinity (1)
- bioactive compounds (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biological techniques (1)
- biology (1)
- biomarker of exposure (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biotransformation (1)
- bisphenol a (1)
- blood coagulation factor XIII (1)
- blood plasma (1)
- blood pressure (1)
- blood samples (1)
- bombyx mori (1)
- bone marrow (1)
- brain damage (1)
- brain membranes (1)
- buccal mucosa (1)
- caffeine (1)
- calcitonin gene-related peptide (1)
- calcium channel (1)
- calmodulin (1)
- carcinogenesis (1)
- cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- cardiac myocyte ; muscarinic K current ; G-protein ; Albumin ; serum (1)
- cardiac remodelling (1)
- cardiomyocyt (1)
- cardiomyocyte (1)
- cardiomyocytes (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- casein kinase 2 (1)
- catecholamines (1)
- caveolae (1)
- caveolin-1 (1)
- cell adhesion (1)
- cell fate (1)
- cell fusion (1)
- cell proliferation (1)
- cell signalling (1)
- cell staining (1)
- cell-cycle (1)
- cellular-trafficking (1)
- chalcone (1)
- checkpoints (1)
- chemotactic receptors (1)
- chemotaxis (1)
- child health (1)
- children (1)
- cholesterol depletion (1)
- cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (1)
- cholinesterase (1)
- cholinesterase inhibitors (1)
- chromaffin granulas (1)
- chromaffine Granulas (1)
- chromosomal damage (1)
- chronic heart failure (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- chronical stress (1)
- chronischer Stress (1)
- chronophin (1)
- cis-2-Buten-1 (1)
- classification and labeling (1)
- clastogens (1)
- clinical genetics (1)
- clonidine (1)
- co-culture (1)
- coated vesicles (1)
- coffee (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy (1)
- comet assay analysis (1)
- compartments (1)
- computational biophysics (1)
- conduction disease (1)
- conformational auto-epitope (1)
- conjugated mycotoxins (1)
- constitutive activity (1)
- contact lens (1)
- continuous (1)
- contractility (1)
- control of the cell cycle (1)
- coumarin (1)
- coupled (1)
- coupled receptor (1)
- covalent (1)
- covalent binding (1)
- creatinine (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- cyclic AMP (1)
- cyclic dipeptide (1)
- cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (1)
- cyclic peptides/cyclopeptides (1)
- cyclic-AMP (1)
- cyclic-gmp (1)
- cyclo-AMP (1)
- cyclopeptide therapy (1)
- cytochrome P450 2C9 (1)
- cytochrome P450s (1)
- cytochrome p450 (1)
- cytogenetic effects (1)
- cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (1)
- cytome biomarkers (1)
- cytosol (1)
- cytotoxic (1)
- dCIRL (1)
- danio rerio (1)
- definition (1)
- dendritic spines (1)
- desensitization (1)
- detrusor muscle (1)
- developmental biology (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diagnosis (1)
- dicyclohexyl phthalate (1)
- diet (1)
- differentiation status (1)
- dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (1)
- disrupting chemicals (1)
- disruptor endócrino (1)
- dna damage (1)
- dna strand break (1)
- docking (1)
- domains (1)
- dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-promotor (1)
- dormancy (1)
- dose (1)
- dose response (1)
- down-regulation (1)
- drug (1)
- dualsteric ligands (1)
- dunce (1)
- eccentric hypertrophy (1)
- ecdysone (1)
- ectodomain cleavage (1)
- efficient intervention points (1)
- embryonic stem cell (1)
- end-stage renal disease (1)
- endocrine disruptor (1)
- endogenous (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- energy-transfer (1)
- environm. tobacco smoke (1)
- environmental phenols (1)
- enzyme-linked immunoassays (1)
- estrogen receptor (1)
- estrogens (1)
- ethanol (1)
- etoposide (1)
- etox database (1)
- eugenol (1)
- exposição humana (1)
- exposure (1)
- extrapolation (1)
- fatty liver (1)
- fentanyl (1)
- fetal testis (1)
- fibrosis (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence detection (1)
- fluorescence imaging (1)
- fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (1)
- fluorescent probes (1)
- fluorocarbons (1)
- folic acid (1)
- food contact materials (1)
- food safety (1)
- food security (1)
- formyl peptides (1)
- fumonisin B1 (1)
- functional clustering (1)
- fungi (1)
- gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- general medicine (1)
- genetics (1)
- genetischer Schadens (1)
- genomprotektiv (1)
- genotoxic (1)
- genotoxic agents (1)
- genotoxisch (1)
- genotoxische Agenzien (1)
- genotypes (1)
- genotyping (1)
- glucuronide (1)
- glutamate (1)
- glutathion S-conjugate (1)
- glycolytic flux control (1)
- gprotein (1)
- gravidez (1)
- growth (1)
- growth cone (1)
- guanine nucleotide exchange factor (1)
- hA<sub>3</sub>AR (1)
- hOCT1 (1)
- haematopoietic stem cells (1)
- halo olefines (1)
- haloacid dehalogenase (1)
- head and neck cancer (1)
- healing and remodelling processes (1)
- heart rate (1)
- heat shock protein (1)
- heme (1)
- hemodiafiltration (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- hemodialysis patients (1)
- hemoglobin adducts (1)
- heterogeneous population (1)
- hiPSC-CM (1)
- hidden mycotoxins (1)
- histamine release (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- homocysteine (1)
- homodimerization (1)
- hormone receptors (1)
- huh6 (1)
- human (1)
- human A(3) (1)
- human biomonitoring (1)
- human exposure (1)
- human hematopoietic stem cells (1)
- human lung (1)
- hydrofluorocarbons (1)
- hypertonic solution (1)
- hypertrophy (1)
- identification (1)
- idiosyncratic drug toxicity (1)
- idiosynkratische Arzneistofftoxizität (1)
- impact pharmacogenetics (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vivo (1)
- in-silico model (1)
- individual (1)
- indolylpyrimidylpiperazines (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- inducible transgene (1)
- induzierbares Transgen (1)
- induzierte Mutation (1)
- induzierte Phosphatasen MKP-1 und MKP-2 (1)
- inflammatory diseases (1)
- inhalation (1)
- inhibitor (1)
- inhibitors (1)
- insulin signaling (1)
- internalization (1)
- international union (1)
- intracellular calcium release (1)
- intracellular loop (1)
- intrinsic metabolism (1)
- ionic look (1)
- irradiation (1)
- ischemic stroke (1)
- isoproterenol (1)
- kardiale Hypertrophie (1)
- key event relationship (1)
- kinases (1)
- laminopathy (1)
- lamivudine (1)
- lasiocarpine (1)
- late Na\(^+\) current (I\(_{NaL}\)) (1)
- legislation (1)
- life (1)
- ligand binding (1)
- ligandenselektive Konformationen (1)
- lignaselective conformations (1)
- lipid rafts (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- listeriolysin O (1)
- live imaging (1)
- liver microsomes (1)
- living vells (1)
- long-read sequencing (1)
- lovastatin (1)
- lysosomal disruption (1)
- lysosomal storage disorders (1)
- lysosomaler Overload (1)
- lösliche Guanylylcyclase (1)
- mTOR-inhibitor RAD-001 (1)
- maintenance of genomic integrity (1)
- male rats (1)
- mammalian cells (1)
- mammalian genomics (1)
- mao-inhibiters (1)
- marine sponges (1)
- markers of exposure (1)
- masked mycotoxins (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- matrix metalloproteinase (1)
- maturation strategies (1)
- mechanotransduction (1)
- membrane (1)
- membrane transporters (1)
- memory B cells (1)
- mercaptolactic acid (1)
- meta-Iodbenzylguanidin (1)
- meta-iodobenzylguanidine (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metabotropic signalling (1)
- methyl methanesulfonate (1)
- methylation (1)
- miR-21 (1)
- microRNA-21 (1)
- micronucleus (1)
- micronucleus assay (1)
- micronucleus frequency (1)
- micronucleus- assay (1)
- microvessel permeability (1)
- mild (1)
- mismatch repair (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (1)
- mitochondrial cardiomyopathy (1)
- mitotic catastrophe (1)
- mitotic disturbance (1)
- mixture models (1)
- mobil phone radiation (1)
- modelo PBPK/PBTK (1)
- modified mycotoxins (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular modelling (1)
- monoamine oxidase (1)
- monogenetic cardiomyopathies (1)
- mortality (1)
- mouse (1)
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y (1)
- mouse lymphoma cells (1)
- mouse models DNA damage (1)
- mucosa (1)
- multivariate analysis (1)
- multivariate data analysis (1)
- muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (1)
- muscarinic aceylcholine receptor (1)
- mutagen (1)
- mutant mice (1)
- mutation triggers (1)
- mycotoxin derivates (1)
- mycotoxin metabolites (1)
- mycotoxins (1)
- myocardium (1)
- myosin (1)
- n-hexyl phthalate (1)
- nanopore (1)
- natural (1)
- neocortex (1)
- neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- neuronal (1)
- neuronal dendrites (1)
- neurons (1)
- neutrophils (1)
- nicht additive Effekte (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nitric-oxide (1)
- nitrosation (1)
- nitrosative stress (1)
- nitroso compound (1)
- no (1)
- non-additive effects (1)
- noradrenaline (1)
- nutritional composition (1)
- o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (1)
- occurrence (1)
- ochratoxin A (1)
- octopamine (1)
- oligomerization (1)
- opioid ligands (1)
- opioid receptor (1)
- optimal drug combination (1)
- optimal drug targeting (1)
- optimal pharmacological modulation (1)
- optimal treatment strategies (1)
- organ toxicity (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- oxidative Stressmarker (1)
- oxidative stress marker (1)
- p53 (1)
- paclitaxel (1)
- parathyroid hormone (1)
- parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (1)
- partial agonists (1)
- passive smoking (1)
- performance liquid-chromatography (1)
- peripheral nerve (1)
- peripheral-blood lymphocytes (1)
- periphere Lymphozyten (1)
- personalized treatment (1)
- perspectives (1)
- pharmacology (1)
- phenobarbitale (1)
- phenotyping (1)
- pheochromocytoma cells (1)
- phopohrylierungsdefizient (1)
- phosducin (1)
- phosducin-like protein (PhLP) (1)
- phosphoglycolate phosphatase (1)
- phosphoglycolatephosphatase (1)
- phosphoinositides (1)
- photoaffinity labelling (1)
- phytohormones (1)
- placenta (1)
- plasma membrane (1)
- plasma membrane calcium ATPase (1)
- plötzlicher Herztod (1)
- pms2 (1)
- poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (1)
- pore formation (1)
- pore-forming toxin (1)
- posttranslational modification (1)
- posttranslationale Modifikation (1)
- potent (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- primary aromatic amine (1)
- proliferation (1)
- protein (1)
- protein adducts (1)
- protein alkylation (1)
- protein design (1)
- protein-coupled receptors (1)
- protein-coupled-receptors (1)
- psoriasis (1)
- psychiatric disorders (1)
- psychosocial stress (1)
- psychosozialer Stress (1)
- purine derivatives (1)
- pyridoxal phosphatase (1)
- pyridoxal phosphatase (PDXP) (1)
- pyridoxal phosphate (1)
- pyrrolizidine alkaloids (1)
- quantitative assessments (1)
- radii (1)
- radiofrequency radiation (1)
- radioligand (1)
- radioligand binding (1)
- radiosensibilisation (1)
- rat pheochromocytoma cells (1)
- rats (1)
- reactive metabolites (1)
- reaktive Metabolite (1)
- reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (1)
- receptor (1)
- receptor binding (1)
- receptor pharmacology (1)
- receptor solubilization (1)
- receptor-G protein coupling (1)
- receptor-G protein coupling. (1)
- red blood cells (1)
- reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation (1)
- reduction of cells proliferation (1)
- regulation (1)
- relaxation (1)
- renal toxicity (1)
- repeated dose (1)
- reproductive and developmental toxicity (1)
- resistance (1)
- rezeptorvermittelte Endozytose (1)
- risk (1)
- risk-assesment (1)
- sGC (1)
- second extracellular loop (1)
- senecionine (1)
- seneciphylline (1)
- sensor (1)
- sensory physiology (1)
- serum (1)
- sex (1)
- sexual development (1)
- signaling microdomain (1)
- simulated digestion (1)
- single-molecule imaging (1)
- single-molecule microscopy (1)
- sister chromatid exch. (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solubilization (1)
- soluble guanylyl cyclase (1)
- sponges (1)
- spontaneously hypersensitive-rats (1)
- stabile Transfektion (1)
- stable transfection (1)
- staphilococci (1)
- statins (1)
- stomach (1)
- streptomyces (1)
- sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- sublinear (1)
- subtypes (1)
- sugars (1)
- sulfonylurea (1)
- susceptibility (1)
- synapses (1)
- synaptic plasticity (1)
- synergism (1)
- tMCAO (1)
- tandem mass-spectrometry (1)
- targets (1)
- terminale Niereninsuffizienz (1)
- testosterone production (1)
- tetrafluoropropene (1)
- therapeutic potential (1)
- thrombin (1)
- thyroid hormone (1)
- tierversuchsfrei (1)
- tissue (1)
- tolbutamide substrate (1)
- toxicity testing (1)
- toxicocinética (1)
- toxicokinetics (1)
- toxicology (1)
- trans-1 (1)
- trans-Golgi network (1)
- transcription (1)
- transgene Ratten (1)
- transgene rats (1)
- transgenic (1)
- transgenic animals (1)
- transgenic mice (1)
- triazolotriazine derivatives (1)
- trifluoropropionic acid (1)
- tuber (1)
- tumour (1)
- tumourpromotion (1)
- tyrosine phosphatase (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- ultrastructure (1)
- urea (1)
- variocosities (1)
- vascular smooth muscle cells (1)
- vasculogenesis (1)
- vaskuläre glatte Muskelzellen (1)
- vav2 (1)
- vessel (1)
- vitamin b12 (1)
- vitamin-D-receptor (1)
- volume overload (1)
- warfarin polymorphisms (1)
- weight of evidence (1)
- yellow fluorescent protein (1)
- zweite extrazelluläre Domäne (1)
- µ-Opioid receptor (1)
- Östrogen (1)
- ß-adrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- ß-adrenerge Signaltransduktion (1)
- ß-adrenergic Receptors (1)
- β-adrenergic receptors (1)
- β1-adrenoceptor/β1-adrenergic receptor (1)
- βAR (1)
- γ-H2AX (1)
Institute
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (407) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Institut für Biopsychologie, Universität Dresden (1)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (1)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S. (1)
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. (1)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (1)
- Max-Delbrück-Center für molekulare Medizin, Berlin (1)
- Pharmakologie, Universität Bonn (1)
- Pharmazie, Universität Mailand (1)
- Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Institut für Toxikologie (1)
The binding of agonists and antagonists to a2-adrenergic receptors of human platelets was studied. The receptors showed homogeneaus affinities for antagonists but two affinity states for the agonist (-)-epinephrine, which were modulated by guanine nucleotides. Van't Hoffplots of antagonist binding had a break point at about 18° and considerable diversity between 18° and 0°. Agonist binding to both affinity states showed a similar break point; agonist binding to the high affinity state was characterized by a large entropy component compared to the low affinity state. This entropy component was reduced at higher concentrations of sodium, indicating that it may be due to Iiberation of sodium ions. Measurements of the fluorescence of 1-anilin-8-naphthalenesulfonate showed thermotropic phase transitions of theplatelet membranes at about 17°. The transition temperature was decreased to about 12° by addition of 1 0 mM octanoic acid. Octanoic acidalso shifted the break points of the van't Hoffplot of antagonist and low affinity agonist binding from 18° to 12°. High affinity agonist binding, however, remained unchanged. It is concluded that agonist-specific thennodynamic characteristics of ligand binding to a2-receptors of human platelets can only be investigated by regarding differences between high and low affinity agonist binding. These differences include an entropy increase upon Iigand binding, which is in part due to enhanced liberation of sodium ions, and a loss of sensitivity to fluidity changes in the outer layer of the plasma membrane.
Mechanistic possibilitles responsible for nonlinear shapes of the dose-response relationship in chemical carcinogenesis are discussed. (i) Induction and saturation of enzymatic activation and detoxification processes and of DNA repair affect the relationship between dose and steady-state DNA adduct Ievel; (ii) The fixation of DNA adducts in the form of mutations is accelerated by stimulation of the cell division, for Jnstance due to regenerative hyperplasia at cytotoxic dose Ievels; (iii) The rate of tumor formation results from a superposition of the rates of the individual steps. It can become exponential with dose if more than one step is accelerated by the DNA damage exerted by the genotoxic carcinogen. The strongly sigmoidal shapes often observed for dose-tumor incidence relationships in animal bioassays supports this analysis. A power of four for the dose in the su~linear part of the curve is the maximum observed (formaldehyde). In contrast to animal experiments, epidemiological data ln humans rarely show a slgnificant deviation from linearity. The discrepancy might be explained by the fact that a I arge nu mber of genes contribute to the overall sensitivity of an individual and to the respective heterogeneity within the human population. Mechanistic nonlinearities are flattened out in the presence of genetic and life-style factors which affect the sensitivity for the development of cancer. For a risk assessment, linear extrapolation from the high-dose lncidence to the spontaneaus rate can therefore be approprlate in a heterogeneous population even if the mechanism of action would result in a nonlinear shape of the dose-response curve in a homogeneaus population.
The diet contains a large number of constituents which can be nitrosated in the gastrointestinal tract (especially in the stomach) to potentially carcinogenic nitroso compounds (NOC). The nitrosation of food mixtures has been investigated with a number of assays, such as chemical analysis or detection of alkylating potential, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Relatively good information is available on the formation of stable nitrosamines using high nitrite concentrations. Little is known, however, about the formation of chemically unstable NOC at low nitrite concentration and their genotoxicity in target cells. A comparison of the precursor classes, alkylamines, aromatic amines, amino acids, amides and peptides, ureas and guanidines, reveals a vast range, both with respect to daily intake (105-fold) and nitrosation rate (104-fold both for 1st and 2nd order nitrite dependence). A total span of 108 results for the relative yield of NOC in the stomach. The endogenous NOC burden from dietary ureas and aromatic amines may represent as large a hazard as the intake of preformed NOC. Recent evidence also indicates that heterocyclic amines and phenols must be considered and that the half-life of nitrosated a-amino acids can be much longer than that of nitrosated primary alkylamines. In these classes, more information should be collected on dietary concentrations, on the nitrosation under realistic conditions and on the genotoxicity in stomach lining cells. Within a chemical precursor class, a wide range is seen with respect to alkylating potency. It cannot, therefore, be excluded that individual precursors within the top ranking classes might become more important than single preformed NOC. Not considered in the above analysis but probably just as important for a risk evaluation in a population is the knowledge of the nitrosation conditions and target cell susceptibility in individuals.
[7-3H)Styrene 7,8-oxide was administered by oral gavage to male CD rats at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg. After 4 h, the forestomach was excised, DNA was isolated, purified to constant specific radioactivity and degraded nzymatically to the 3 '-nucleotides. Highperformance liquid chromatography fractions with the normal nucleotides contained most of the radiolabel, but a minute level of adduct label was also detccted. Using the units of the covalent binding index (micromoles adduct per mole DNA nucleotide)/(millimole chemical administered per kilogram body weight), a DNA binding potency of 1.0 was derived. A comparison of the covalent binding indices and carcinogenic potencies of other genotoxic forestarnach carcinogens showed that the tumorigenic activity of styrene oxide is unlikely to be purely genotoxic. Therefore, styrene oxide was compared with 3-tbutylhydroxyanisole (BHA) with respect to stimulation of cell proliferation in the forestomach. Male Fischer 344 rats were treated for four weeks at three dose levels of styrene oxide (0, 137, 275 and 550 mg/kg, three times per week by oral gavage) and BHA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2% in the diet); the highest doses had been reported to result in 84% and 22% carcinomas in the forestomach, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA and immunohistochemical analysis. An increase in the lablling indexwas found in a11 treated animals. In the prefundic region of the forestomach, the labeHing index increased significantly, from 42% (controls) to 54% with styrene oxide and from 41 to 55% with BHA. Rats treated with BHA also had severe hyperplastic lesions in the prefundic region, i.e., at the location of BHA-induced forestomach carcinomas. The number of cells per millimetre of section length was increased up to 19 fold. Hyperplastic lesions were not seen with styrene oxide, despite the higher tumour incidence reported with this compound. We conclude that the carcinogenicity of styrene oxide to the forestomach most probably involves a mechanism in which marginal genotoxicity is combined with promotion by increased cell proliferation.
Barbiturates inhibit binding of radioligands to A 1(Ri) adenosine receptors of rat brain membranes. This inhibition is dose-dependent and stereospecific and occurs in the range of pharmacologically active concentrations. The displacement of radiolabelled A1antagonists by barbiturates is not modified by GTP, indicating that barbiturates might act as antagonists at this receptor. This action of barbiturates does not seem to be related to the binding of barbiturates to plasma membranes, as the latter process has different characteristics. Barbiturates also inhibit the binding of radioligands to solubilized A1receptors, and saturation and kinetic experiments suggest that this is due to a competitive antagonism. These results indicate that barbiturates interact with the recognition site of the A1adenosine receptor.
Inflammation and oxidative stress are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in humans, and in chronic renal failure (CRF) in rats. The aim of this work was to study the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in adenine-induced CRF and the effect thereon of the purported nephroprotective agent gum arabic (GA). Rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks as follows: control, adenine in feed (0.75%, w/w), GA in drinking water (15%, w/v) and adenine+GA, as before. Urine, blood and kidneys were collected from the rats at the end of the treatment for analysis of conventional renal function tests (plasma creatinine and urea concentration). In addition, the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-a and the oxidative stress markers glutathione and superoxide dismutase, renal apoptosis, superoxide formation and DNA double strand break frequency, detected by immunohistochemistry for
c-H2AX, were measured. Adenine significantly increased the concentrations of urea and creatinine in plasma, significantly decreased the creatinine clearance and induced significant increases in the concentration of the measured inflammatory mediators.
Further, it caused oxidative stress and DNA damage. Treatment with GA significantly ameliorated these actions. The mechanism of the reported salutary effect of GA in adenine-induced CRF is associated with mitigation of the adenine-induced inflammation and generation of free radicals.
Spatiotemporale Organisation der Interaktion von Gq Protein-Untereinheiten und der Phospholipase Cβ3
(2012)
Die G-Protein vermittelte Aktivierung der Phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) stellt einen primären Mechanismus dar, um eine Vielzahl von physiologischen Ereignissen zu regulieren, z.B. die Kontraktion glatter Muskelzellen, Sekretion oder die Modulation der synaptischen Transmission. Sowohl Gαq- als auch Gβγ-Untereinheiten sind dafür bekannt mit PLCβ Enzymen zu interagieren und diese zu aktivieren. Über die Dynamik dieser Interaktion und den relative Beitrag der G-Protein Untereinheiten ist jedoch nur wenig bekannt. Unter Verwendung Fluoreszenz Resonanz Energie Transfer (FRET)- basierter Methoden in lebenden Zellen, wurde die Kinetik der Rezeptor-induzierten Interaktion zwischen Gβγ und Gαq Untereinheiten, die Interaktion von sowohl der Gαq als auch der Gβγ-Untereinheit mit der PLCβ3 und die Interaktion des regulator of G-Protein signaling 2 (RGS2) mit Gαq-Untereinheiten untersucht. Um die Untersuchung der Protein-Protein-Interaktion auf die Zellmembran zu beschränken, wurde die Total-Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Mikroskopie angewandt. Zeitlich hoch auflösendes, ratiometrisches FRET-Imaging offenbarte eine deutlich schnellere Dissoziation von Gαq und PLCβ3 nach Entzug purinerger Agonisten verglichen mit der Deaktivierung von Gq Proteinen in der Abwesenheit der PLCβ3. Dieser offensichtliche Unterschied in der Kinetik kann durch die GTPase-aktivierende Eigenschaft der PLCβ3 in lebenden Zellen erklärt werden. Weiterhin zeigte es sich, dass PLCβ3 die Gq Protein Kinetik in einem ähnlich Ausmaß beeinflusst wie RGS2, welches in vitro deutlich effizienter darin ist, die intrinsische GTPase Aktivität der Gαq-Untereinheit zu beschleunigen. Als Antwort auf die Rezeptorstimulation wurde sowohl eine Interaktion von Gαq-Untereinheiten als auch von Gq-abstammende Gβγ-Untereinheiten mit der PLCβ3 beobachtet. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich auch eine Agonist-abhängige Interaktion von Gαq und RGS2. In Abwesenheit einer Rezeptorstimulation konnte kein spezifisches FRET-Signal zwischen Gq Proteinen und der PLCβ3 oder RGS2 detektiert werden. Zusammengefasst ermöglichte das ratiometrische FRET-Imaging in der TIRF Mikroskopie neue Einsichten in die Dynamik und Interaktionsmuster des Gq-Signalwegs.