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Georg Sticker war Arzt, Hochschullehrer, Hygieniker und Medizinhistoriker. Das Themenspektrum seiner Arbeiten ist sehr umfangreich. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf seinen Hauptforschungsgebieten, der Medizingeschichte und hier vor allem auf der Seuchengeschichte zu Pest, Lepra und Syphilis und der Bedeutung der Geschichte der Epidemien für die Epidemiologie; sowie seinen großen ärztlichen Vorbildern Hippokrates und Paracelsus. Auch über Naturheilkunst und Gesundheit und Erziehung berichtet er mit großem Engagement.Nach seiner Berufung an die Universität Würzburg beendet er seine ärztliche Tätigkeit, gründet hier im Jahr 1921 das Institut für Geschichte der Medizin und widmet sich ganz der Medizingeschichte
Inhaltsübersicht zum Schwerpunktthema: - Wozu Metalle nützlich sein können - Ein Beitrag zur "grünen Chemie" - Der gezielte Aufbau "chiraler Achsen" - Selektiver Aufbau von Naturstoffen mit Hilfe von Metallkomplexen - Dynamik des Energietransportes innerhalb von Molekülen - Von Erdöl über Kohlenwasserstoffe zu interessanten Zielmolekülen u.a.
Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a leading cause of bacterial infection world-wide, and currently no vaccine is available for humans. Vaccine development relies heavily on clinically relevant infection models. However, the suitability of mice for S. aureus infection models has often been questioned, because experimental infection of mice with human-adapted S. aureus requires very high infection doses. Moreover, mice were not considered to be natural hosts of S. aureus. The latter has been disproven by our recent findings, showing that both laboratory mice, as well as wild small mammals including mice, voles, and shrews, are naturally colonized with S. aureus. Here, we investigated whether mouse-and vole-derived S. aureus strains show an enhanced virulence in mice as compared to the human-adapted strain Newman. Using a step-wise approach based on the bacterial genotype and in vitro assays for host adaptation, we selected the most promising candidates for murine infection models out of a total of 254 S. aureus isolates from laboratory mice as well as wild rodents and shrews. Four strains representing the clonal complexes (CC) 8, 49, and 88 (n = 2) were selected and compared to the human-adapted S. aureus strain Newman (CC8) in murine pneumonia and bacteremia models. Notably, a bank vole-derived CC49 strain, named DIP, was highly virulent in BALB/c mice in pneumonia and bacteremia models, whereas the other murine and vole strains showed virulence similar to or lower than that of Newman. At one tenth of the standard infection dose DIP induced disease severity, bacterial load and host cytokine and chemokine responses in the murine bacteremia model similar to that of Newman. In the pneumonia model, DIP was also more virulent than Newman but the effect was less pronounced. Whole genome sequencing data analysis identified a pore-forming toxin gene, lukF-PV(P83)/lukM, in DIP but not in the other tested S. aureus isolates. To conclude, the mouse-adapted S. aureus strain DIP allows a significant reduction of the inoculation dose in mice and is hence a promising tool to develop clinically more relevant infection models.
Introduction:
Evidence from a number of open-label, uncontrolled studies has suggested that rituximab may benefit patients with autoimmune diseases who are refractory to standard-of-care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of rituximab in several standard-of-care-refractory autoimmune diseases (within rheumatology, nephrology, dermatology and neurology) other than rheumatoid arthritis or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a real-life clinical setting.
Methods:
Patients who received rituximab having shown an inadequate response to standard-of-care had their safety and clinical outcomes data retrospectively analysed as part of the German Registry of Autoimmune Diseases. The main outcome measures were safety and clinical response, as judged at the discretion of the investigators.
Results:
A total of 370 patients (299 patient-years) with various autoimmune diseases (23.0% with systemic lupus erythematosus, 15.7% antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated granulomatous vasculitides, 15.1% multiple sclerosis and 10.0% pemphigus) from 42 centres received a mean dose of 2,440 mg of rituximab over a median (range) of 194 (180 to 1,407) days. The overall rate of serious infections was 5.3 per 100 patient-years during rituximab therapy. Opportunistic infections were infrequent across the whole study population, and mostly occurred in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. There were 11 deaths (3.0% of patients) after rituximab treatment (mean 11.6 months after first infusion, range 0.8 to 31.3 months), with most of the deaths caused by infections. Overall (n = 293), 13.3% of patients showed no response, 45.1% showed a partial response and 41.6% showed a complete response. Responses were also reflected by reduced use of glucocorticoids and various immunosuppressives during rituximab therapy and follow-up compared with before rituximab. Rituximab generally had a positive effect on patient well-being (physician’s visual analogue scale; mean improvement from baseline of 12.1 mm)
Mycotoxins in agriculturally used plants can cause intoxication in animals and can lead to severe financial losses for farmers. The endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii living symbiotically within the cool season grass species Lolium perenne can produce vertebrate and invertebrate toxic alkaloids. Hence, an exact quantitation of alkaloid concentrations is essential to determine intoxication risk for animals. Many studies use different methods to detect alkaloid concentrations, which complicates the comparability. In this study, we showed that alkaloid concentrations of individual plants exceeded toxicity thresholds on real world grasslands in Germany, but not on the population level. Alkaloid concentrations on five German grasslands with high alkaloid levels peaked in summer but were also below toxicity thresholds on population level. Furthermore, we showed that alkaloid concentrations follow the same seasonal trend, regardless of whether plant fresh or dry weight was used, in the field and in a common garden study. However, alkaloid concentrations were around three times higher when detected with dry weight. Finally, we showed that alkaloid concentrations can additionally be biased to different alkaloid detection methods. We highlight that toxicity risks should be analyzed using plant dry weight, but concentration trends of fresh weight are reliable.
Propagule pressure and an invasion syndrome determine invasion success in a plant community model
(2021)
The success of species invasions depends on multiple factors, including propagule pressure, disturbance, productivity, and the traits of native and non-native species. While the importance of many of these determinants has already been investigated in relative isolation, they are rarely studied in combination. Here, we address this shortcoming by exploring the effect of the above-listed factors on the success of invasions using an individual-based mechanistic model. This approach enables us to explicitly control environmental factors (temperature as surrogate for productivity, disturbance, and propagule pressure) as well as to monitor whole-community trait distributions of environmental adaptation, mass, and dispersal abilities. We simulated introductions of plant individuals to an oceanic island to assess which factors and species traits contribute to invasion success. We found that the most influential factors were higher propagule pressure and a particular set of traits. This invasion trait syndrome was characterized by a relative similarity in functional traits of invasive to native species, while invasive species had on average higher environmental adaptation, higher body mass, and increased dispersal distances, that is, had greater competitive and dispersive abilities. Our results highlight the importance in management practice of reducing the import of alien species, especially those that display this trait syndrome and come from similar habitats as those being managed.
'Märchen' in der Werbung
(2014)
Eine korpusbasierte sprachwissenschaftliche Analyse über die Verwendung des Wortes ‚Märchen‘ sowie verschiedener Märchenmotive, -charaktere und –requisiten in der deutschsprachigen Werbung auf Basis der Märchen der Brüder Grimm. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf den zahlreichen Formen von Intertextualität.
Inhaltsübersicht zum Schwerpunktthema: - Für eine noch bessere Versorgung Rheumakranker - Nicht jeder, der über Rheuma klagt hat auch eine rheumatologische Erkrankung - Rheuma im Rücken - Gezielter Schlag gegen Immunsystem bringt Besserung - Wenn der Wolf den Körper zerfrisst - Wenn der Schnupfen blutig wird - Osteoporose - eine Folge der Rheumatherapie - Rheuma bei Kindern u.a.
Schafe leben seit einigen Jahrtausenden mit Menschen zusammen und mit ihnen durchwandert ihre Wolle unsere Kulturen und Gesellschaften. Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der gegenwärtig geringe monetäre Wert von Schafwolle, der in den letzten dreißig Jahren in Deutschland stark gesunken ist.
Basierend auf ethnografischen Methoden der Feldforschung, teilnehmende Beobachtung und Interviews, verfolgt die vorliegende Arbeit Spuren von Schafwolle und fragt dabei nach den Berührungs- und Kontaktpunkten, die im Alltag zwischen Schafen, Menschen und Wolle entstehen. Menschen, die mit Schafen leben, werfen verschiedene Perspektiven auf die sogenannte Nutztierhaltung sowie auf ländliches Wirtschaften und Leben.
Schafe und Schafwolle werden hier als Miterzählende und Mitgestaltende im Prozess der Entstehung von Schaf-Woll-Geschichten betrachtet. Besonders die Perspektiven auf Schafwolle regen an, tierliche Materialitäten im Allgemeinen neu zu denken und zu reflektieren. So lädt die vorliegende Arbeit dazu ein, Menschen, Tiere und Materialitäten stärker in den Wissensgenerierungsprozess zu integrieren sowie nach dem besonderen Wissen zu suchen, das eben jene mehr-als-menschliche Akteur*innen mit uns teilen.