Delay and trace fear conditioning in a complex virtual learning environment - neural substrates of extinction
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- Extinction is an important mechanism to inhibit initially acquired fear responses. There is growing evidence that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) inhibits the amygdala and therefore plays an important role in the extinction of delay fear conditioning. To our knowledge, there is no evidence on the role of the prefrontal cortex in the extinction of trace conditioning up to now. Thus, we compared brain structures involved in the extinction of human delay and trace fear conditioning in a between-subjects-design in an fMRI study.Extinction is an important mechanism to inhibit initially acquired fear responses. There is growing evidence that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) inhibits the amygdala and therefore plays an important role in the extinction of delay fear conditioning. To our knowledge, there is no evidence on the role of the prefrontal cortex in the extinction of trace conditioning up to now. Thus, we compared brain structures involved in the extinction of human delay and trace fear conditioning in a between-subjects-design in an fMRI study. Participants were passively guided through a virtual environment during learning and extinction of conditioned fear. Two different lights served as conditioned stimuli (CS); as unconditioned stimulus (US) a mildly painful electric stimulus was delivered. In the delay conditioning group (DCG) the US was administered with offset of one light (CS+), whereas in the trace conditioning group (TCG) the US was presented 4s after CS+ offset. Both groups showed insular and striatal activation during early extinction, but differed in their prefrontal activation. The vmPFC was mainly activated in the DCG, whereas the TCG showed activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during extinction. These results point to different extinction processes in delay and trace conditioning. VmPFC activation during extinction of delay conditioning might reflect the inhibition of the fear response. In contrast, dlPFC activation during extinction of trace conditioning may reflect modulation of working memory processes which are involved in bridging the trace interval and hold information in short term memory.…
Autor(en): | Heike Ewald, Evelyn Glotzbach-Schoon, Antje B. M. Gerdes, Marta Andreatta, Mathias Müller, Andreas Mühlberger, Paul Pauli |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116230 |
Dokumentart: | Artikel / Aufsatz in einer Zeitschrift |
Institute der Universität: | Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften (Philos., Psycho., Erziehungs- u. Gesell.-Wissensch.) / Institut für Psychologie |
Sprache der Veröffentlichung: | Englisch |
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes / der Zeitschrift (Englisch): | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
ISSN: | 1662-5161 |
Erscheinungsjahr: | 2014 |
Band / Jahrgang: | 8 |
Heft / Ausgabe: | 323 |
Originalveröffentlichung / Quelle: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8:323. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00323 |
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00323 |
PubMed-ID: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24904363 |
Allgemeine fachliche Zuordnung (DDC-Klassifikation): | 1 Philosophie und Psychologie / 15 Psychologie / 150 Psychologie |
Freie Schlagwort(e): | contextual fear; delay conditioning; event-related FMRI; extinction; fMRI; medial prefrontal cortex; orbifrontal cortex; prefrontal cortex; trace conditioning; virtual reality |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 21.07.2015 |
Lizenz (Deutsch): | CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung |