Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (479) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Book article / Book chapter (479) (remove)
Keywords
- Psychologie (26)
- Animal Studies (23)
- Cultural Animal Studies (23)
- Cultural Studies (23)
- Ecocriticism (23)
- Environmental Humanities (23)
- Human-Animal Studies (23)
- Literary Studies (23)
- cultural studies (13)
- Kulturwissenschaften (12)
Institute
- Institut für deutsche Philologie (104)
- Institut für Psychologie (bis Sept. 2007) (82)
- Neuphilologisches Institut - Moderne Fremdsprachen (70)
- Institut für Altertumswissenschaften (33)
- Neuphilologisches Institut - Moderne Fremdsprachen (bis 2007) (32)
- Institut für Internationales Recht, Europarecht und Europäisches Privatrecht (21)
- Institut für Psychologie (21)
- Institut für Biblische Theologie (18)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (18)
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (14)
Schriftenreihe
- Cultural Animal Studies, Band 3 (23)
- Aesthetische Eigenzeiten, 17 (1)
- Akten des ... Symposiums des Mediävistenverbandes; 13,2 (1)
- Aventiuren; 13 (1)
- Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Studies (1)
- Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (1)
- GenderCodes - Transkriptionen zwischen Wissen und Geschlecht; 17 (1)
- Image ; 185 (1)
- International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d’histoire des idées 242 (1)
- Jahrbuch der Oswald-von-Wolkenstein-Gesellschaft; 17 (1)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
The potential health risk posed by the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) from nitrosation of dietary ureas, guanidines, amides, amino acids and amanes (primary, secondary and aromatic) was estimated according to the model:
Risk = ( daily intake of precursor] X (gastric concentration of nitrite ]n X [nitrosatability rate constant] X [cilrcinogenicity of derivative].
The daily intakes ofthese compound classes span five orders ofmagnitude (100 g/day amides, top; 1-10 mg/day secondary amines, ureas, bottom); the nitrosation rate constants span seven orders of magnitude (aryl amines, ureas, top; amides, secondary amines, bottom); and the carcinogenicity estimates span a 10 000-fold range from 'very strong' to 'virtually noncarcinogenic'. The resulting risk estimates likewise span an enormous range (nine orders of magnitude ): dietary ureas and aromatic amines combined with high nitrite concentration could pose as great a risk as the intake of preformed N-nitrosodimethylamine in the diet. In contrast, the risk posed by the in-vivo nitrosation of primary and secondary amines is probably negligible. The risk contributed by amides (including protein), guanidines and primary amino acids is intermediate between these two extremes.
Experimental research on memory development has typically focused on the description of universal development trends across the life span and the identification of major sources of development within this domain. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the preconditions and effects of interindividual variability within age groups across different memory tasks. Similarly, our knowledge about the stability of interindividual differences across the life span as well as the sources and the amount of intraindividual variability across memory tasks is scarce. In the present chapter, we concentrate on these neglected issues. First, theoretical assumptions concerning the interindividual and intraindividual variability of memory development are discussed. Next, empirical evidence is presented that seems suited to document the importance of these neglected issues. While we try to give a representative account of the literature, the emphasis is on more recent studies of memory development in children and elderly adults conducted in our laboratory. The results demonstrate that age-related changes and individual differences in the knowledge base are particularly important for describing and explaining individual differences in memory develoment. In comparison, the rote of stable individual differences in basic memory capacities in explaining variations in memory development is less clear given tbe conflicting empirical evidence. In the final section of the chapter consequences for future research are discussed.
No abstract available.
The ligand-binding subunit ofthe A1 adenosine receptor has been identified in membranes with the photoaffinity Iabel R-2-azido-N6-p-hydroxyphenylisopropyladenosine (R-AHPIA). Covalent labelling ofthe A1 receptor can also be achieved in intact cells. The dissociation of the radioiodinated label (1251-AHPIA) from isolated rat fat cells was incomplete after UV irradiation, leaving about 20°/o of irreversible specific binding. Such covalent labelling of the receptor led to a concentration-dependent reduction of cellular cyclic AMP levels. This persistent effect of covalent labeHing occurred with an IC50 value of 9 nM, as compared to an IC50 value of 0.9 nM for the direct reduction of cyclic AMP Ievels by the ligand. The difference in the IC5o values can be explained by assuming spare receptors. This hypothesis was verified in binding studies using [ 3HJPIA as a radioligand. R-AHPIA inhibited binding of [3H)PIA to intact fat cells with a K1 value of about 20 nM, which is about 20 tim es high er than the corresponding IC50 value of cyclic AMP reduction. These data show that the A1 receptor is activated according to the occupancy theory. The high sensitivity of the activation in intact ceJis is due to a large number of spare receptors.
No abstract available.
Mechanistic possibilitles responsible for nonlinear shapes of the dose-response relationship in chemical carcinogenesis are discussed. (i) Induction and saturation of enzymatic activation and detoxification processes and of DNA repair affect the relationship between dose and steady-state DNA adduct Ievel; (ii) The fixation of DNA adducts in the form of mutations is accelerated by stimulation of the cell division, for Jnstance due to regenerative hyperplasia at cytotoxic dose Ievels; (iii) The rate of tumor formation results from a superposition of the rates of the individual steps. It can become exponential with dose if more than one step is accelerated by the DNA damage exerted by the genotoxic carcinogen. The strongly sigmoidal shapes often observed for dose-tumor incidence relationships in animal bioassays supports this analysis. A power of four for the dose in the su~linear part of the curve is the maximum observed (formaldehyde). In contrast to animal experiments, epidemiological data ln humans rarely show a slgnificant deviation from linearity. The discrepancy might be explained by the fact that a I arge nu mber of genes contribute to the overall sensitivity of an individual and to the respective heterogeneity within the human population. Mechanistic nonlinearities are flattened out in the presence of genetic and life-style factors which affect the sensitivity for the development of cancer. For a risk assessment, linear extrapolation from the high-dose lncidence to the spontaneaus rate can therefore be approprlate in a heterogeneous population even if the mechanism of action would result in a nonlinear shape of the dose-response curve in a homogeneaus population.
[7-3H)Styrene 7,8-oxide was administered by oral gavage to male CD rats at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg. After 4 h, the forestomach was excised, DNA was isolated, purified to constant specific radioactivity and degraded nzymatically to the 3 '-nucleotides. Highperformance liquid chromatography fractions with the normal nucleotides contained most of the radiolabel, but a minute level of adduct label was also detccted. Using the units of the covalent binding index (micromoles adduct per mole DNA nucleotide)/(millimole chemical administered per kilogram body weight), a DNA binding potency of 1.0 was derived. A comparison of the covalent binding indices and carcinogenic potencies of other genotoxic forestarnach carcinogens showed that the tumorigenic activity of styrene oxide is unlikely to be purely genotoxic. Therefore, styrene oxide was compared with 3-tbutylhydroxyanisole (BHA) with respect to stimulation of cell proliferation in the forestomach. Male Fischer 344 rats were treated for four weeks at three dose levels of styrene oxide (0, 137, 275 and 550 mg/kg, three times per week by oral gavage) and BHA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2% in the diet); the highest doses had been reported to result in 84% and 22% carcinomas in the forestomach, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA and immunohistochemical analysis. An increase in the lablling indexwas found in a11 treated animals. In the prefundic region of the forestomach, the labeHing index increased significantly, from 42% (controls) to 54% with styrene oxide and from 41 to 55% with BHA. Rats treated with BHA also had severe hyperplastic lesions in the prefundic region, i.e., at the location of BHA-induced forestomach carcinomas. The number of cells per millimetre of section length was increased up to 19 fold. Hyperplastic lesions were not seen with styrene oxide, despite the higher tumour incidence reported with this compound. We conclude that the carcinogenicity of styrene oxide to the forestomach most probably involves a mechanism in which marginal genotoxicity is combined with promotion by increased cell proliferation.
No abstract available.
Barbiturates inhibit binding of radioligands to A 1(Ri) adenosine receptors of rat brain membranes. This inhibition is dose-dependent and stereospecific and occurs in the range of pharmacologically active concentrations. The displacement of radiolabelled A1antagonists by barbiturates is not modified by GTP, indicating that barbiturates might act as antagonists at this receptor. This action of barbiturates does not seem to be related to the binding of barbiturates to plasma membranes, as the latter process has different characteristics. Barbiturates also inhibit the binding of radioligands to solubilized A1receptors, and saturation and kinetic experiments suggest that this is due to a competitive antagonism. These results indicate that barbiturates interact with the recognition site of the A1adenosine receptor.
No abstract available
Nicht nur bei traumatologischen, sondern auch bei vielen internistischen und neurologischen Notfällen ist der Schmerz das oder eines der Leitsymptome. Neben der Wiederherstellung und Sicherung der Vitalfunktionen ist die rasche und effiziente Schmerzlinderung eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben des Notarztes. Eine erfolgreiche analgetische Therapie verbessert zum einen die subjektive Befindlichkeit des Patienten und unterbricht zum anderen die durch starke Schmerzen initiierten und unterhaltenen sympathiko-adrenergen und metabolisch-endokrinen Streßreaktionen, mit all ihren nachteiligen Auswirkungen auf die Hämodynamik und Respiration. Letzteres ist eine wichtige, positive Wirkung einer guten analgetischen Therapie, insbesondere beim kranken geriatrischen Patienten, der in den Kompensationsmöglichkeiten einzelner Organsysteme oft deutlich eingeschränkt ist. Länger fortbestehende starke Schmerzen würden gerade bei diesen Patienten eine Einschränkung der Hämodynamik und Respiration perpetuieren.
no abstract available
Entstanden im 14. Jahrhundert in den damaligen Niederlanden, verbreitete sich der "Kümmernis"-Kult im Laufe des 15. Jahrhunderts über Norddeutschland, das Rheinland und Westfalen bis nach Süddeutschland, Österreich und die deutschsprachigen Gebiete der Schweiz. Der Aufsatz untersucht ein Motiv in der Kümmernislegende, die äußere Verwandlung der Kümmernis in eine männlich aussehende Gestalt. Untersucht wird, welche Bedeutung die Kategorie "Geschlecht" in den schriftlich überlieferten Kümmernislegenden besitzt und auf welche Weise "Weiblichkeit" in diesen Texten inszeniert wird.
Partnerschaft und Elternschaft waren im Begriff der Familie bislang essentiell zusammengedacht: Partnerschaft und Elternschaft, Ehe und Filiation, beschreiben exklusiv und vollständig die Prinzipien, anhand derer sich das Familienpersonal rekrutiert (vgl. Tyrell 1983, S. 363). Beides muß nicht in Familien zusammenfallen. Immer mehr Ehen bleiben dauerhaft kinderlos -immer mehr Familien kommen als Ein-Elternfamilien ohne Partnerschaft aus. Das ist die sozialstrukturelle Version einer Entkoppelung von Partnerschaft und Elternschaft. Auf der anderen Seite sind Partnerschaft und Elternschaft in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle immer noch in Familien "fusioniert".
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
Im Nordosten der Republik Niger sind Karstformen in Sandsteinen, Silcretes, Eisenkrusten und im Kristallin weit verbreitet. Aufgrund geomorphologischer Untersuchungen und mikromorphologischer Analysen läßt sich eine echte Verkarstung im Sinne lösungsbedingter Reliefformung nachweisen. Untersuchungen an Dünnschliffen und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Analysen von Quarzkomoberflächen zeigen extrem starke Kornkorrosion in den äußeren Probenbereichen (Wandungen von Karstformen) und allgemein starke Spuren von Kieselsäuremobilisierung. Die Ausfällung von Kieselsäure auf den Quarzkörnern kann bis zur Neukristallisation von Quarz reichen (Djado, Stufe von Bilma) oder nur als amorpher Überzug ausgebildet sein (Massive von Tennit und Koutous). Die Gesamtheit der Befunde deutet auf eine Hauptphase der Verkarstung im frühen Tertiär hin, die von weiteren Lösungsphasen im jüngeren Tertiär und wahrscheinlich auch im Quartär gefolgt wird. Die jeweils über weite Räume ähnlichen Befunde lassen eine Abhängigkeit des Verkarstungsgeschehens von den paläoklimatischen Bedingungen vermuten; vor allem durch die Ausbildung eines unterirdischen Entwässernngs- und Hohlraumsystems sind enge Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Karstformenschatz und der Entwicklung der übrigen Reliefelemente gegeben.
No abstact available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Versuch gemacht, neuere Befunde der kognitiven Psychologie, insbesondere der Expertiseforschung, zur Entwicklung außergewöhnlicher Fertigkeiten und Kenntnisse auf den Bereich des Sports zu übertragen und damit deren Generalisierungsmöglichkeiten zu prüfen. In einem ersten Schritt werden dabei die Grundannahmen der traditionellen fähigkeitsorientierten Leistungsprognose mit denen der neueren Expertiseforschung verglichen und im Hinblick auf ihre empirische Bewährung untersucht. Der zweite Schritt besteht darin, daß mögliche Parallelen zwischen der Entwicklung kognitiver und sportlicher Expertise aufgezeigt und an Fallbeispielen demonstriert werden. Dies leitet zum Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags über, der in einer Reanalyse von Daten besteht, die im Rahmen einer fünfjährigen Längsschnittstudie an jugendlichen deutschen Tennistalenten gewonnen wurden (vgl. Rieder, Krahl, Sommer, Weicker & Weiss, 1983). Da in dieser Untersuchung sowohl Daten zur Entwicklung allgemeiner motorischer Basisfähigkeiten wie auch zur Entwicklung sportartspezifischer Fertigkeiten erhoben worden waren, ließ sich die Bedeutsamkeit dieser beiden Komponenten für den sportlichen Erfolg relativ genau bestimmen. Weiterhin waren Informationen zu Hintergrundmerkmalen wie z.B. der elterlichen Unterstützung, der Trainingsintensität sowie Merkmalen der Motivation und Konzentration verfügbar, von denen anzunehmen war, daß sie zusätzlich dazu geeignet sein sollten, individuelle Unterschiede in den beobachteten Entwicklungsverläufen zu erklären.
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
Nichtverbale Kommunikation
(1987)
No abstract available
Ausdruck
(1987)
No abstract available
Ausdrucksforschung
(1987)
No abstract available
Nonverbale Kommunikation
(1986)
No abstract available
No abstract available
Verhaltensmedizin
(1990)
No abstract available
No abstract available
Computer-aided video
(1983)
The recent developments in microprocessor electronics and time-code equipment have vastly improved the efficiency of working with video material so that through the combination of data processing and video recording equipment a substantial rationalization of both data acquisition procedures and functional control of the recording machines may be achieved. Such a system, in which video editing and time-code control equipment is interfaced to a process computer, has been developed for the analysis of human communicative behaviour. The system provides exact indexing of the recorded material, automatic search and edit routines for the videotape machines and synchronicity of registered data. In summary, it can be maintained that given a sound theoretical basis, modern video and computer technologies can substantially increase the efficiency and accuracy of behavioural observation and analysis.
Internal characteristics such as depressed mood, anxiety and general negative emotions are accompanied, particularly during depressive illness, by changes in observable behaviour. Accordingly, the following questions may be examined: are intra-individual changes in speech and gaze behaviour related to changes in the internal psychopathological state? Further, do these changes occur synchronously to changes in the state of subjective well-being? A longitudinal study was made on depressed patients. Their behaviour was observed during standardised interviews and diagnostic-therapeutic discussions held at regu~ lar intervals. Various speech and gaze parameters were examined with respect to their coordination and their relationship to the subjective state of well-being. Considerable variation was found in the temporal relationship amongst these variables. The results are discussed with respect to the relevance of speech parameters and the coordination of verbal and nonverbal behaviour as indicators of the psychopathological condition.
A substantial literature exists on the coordination of speaking and looking behaviour and their significance as indicators for the production and reception of social information. Within this framework, the temporal organisation of such behaviour has been 'shown to reflect both the coordination within the individual and between participants in a situation. In this paper, it is proposed that observed behavioural sequences may be formally described by rules of syntax, thus implying the likelihood of structural organisation as opposed to, for example, linear time dependence between behavioural states. This being the case, differing sets of rules and grammars respectively can be expected for various social situations. Clinical interviews and discu~sions between couples on a topic of marital conflict were analysed, the on-off patterns of speech and gaze being taken as data. The resulting behavioural repertoire was regarded, in the sense of a formal grammar, as the terminal vocabulary. A set of rewriting rules was determined and their associated probabilities inferred. The situational conditions were found to be reflectedin the syntactic features of the grammatical model - the terminal vocabulary, the production rules and the production probabilities.
No abstract available
No abstract available
D'Webi stirbt - Zur gegenwärtigen Krise in der Textilindustrie im Wiesental, am Hoch- und Oberrhein
(1986)
No abstract available
No abstract available
Children's information processing of risky choice alternatives was investigated in two studies without using verbal reports. In Study 1, the ability to integrate the probabilities and the payoffs of simple bets was examined using the rating scale methodology. Children's choices among three of those simple bets were recorded also. By cross-classifying the children's choice and rating behavior it was shown that a three-stage developmental hypothesis of decision making is not sufficient. A four-stage hypothesis is proposed. In Study 2, the influence of enlarging the presented number of alternatives from two to three and the influence of the similarity of the alternatives on children's choice probabilities was examined with those bets. Children's choice behavior was probabilistic and was influenced only by enlarging the presented number of alternatives. These results suggest that a Bayesian approach, based on two probabilistic choice models, should not be applied in order to analyze children's choice behavior. The functional measurement approach is, as was demonstrated in Study 1, a powerful implement to further the understanding of the development of decision making.
Erklären Entschuldigung und Entschädigung die Effekte der Täter-Ersatzleistung auf Strafurteile?
(1992)
No abstract available
No abstract available
"Entartete" Musik im KZ
(1994)
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
The methodological implications of a differential psychopharmacology are discussed. It is shown that the technique of stratifying subjects with personality scores depends on one basic assumption: the personality score is not affected by the other experimental factors. Two experiments are reported in which pre- and posttest (after the experiment) scores were measured. The pre-post-differences showed themselves to be affected by the medication. It is argued that in psychopharmacological experimentation an additional step must be included. All non-treatment factors must be examined for their stability in the course of the experiment. If they are stable, usual evaluation may take place. If changes are attributable to the treatment, personality scores must be regarded as dependent variables. They have to be evaluated together with the other observables with a multivariate model. Additionally, a procedure like this yields as "experimental differential psychology" a self-reliant contribution to the problems of differential psychology.
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
Allgemeine Psychologie versus "Klinische Psychologie": eine plausible, aber unnötige Unterscheidung
(1983)
Die Annahme, daß zwischen Allgemeiner und Klinischer Psychologie Unterschiede zu machen seien, wird an folgenden Schnittstellen kritisch hinterfragt: dem methodischen Zugang, dem Geltungsbereich ihrer Aussagen, ihren Inhalten, den untersuchten Populationen und speziellen Forschungsstrategien. Die Analyse einschlägiger Argumente fUhrt zu der Folgerung, daß Allgemeine Psychologie wie auch Klinische Psychologie ohne prinzipiellen Unterschied einer gemeinsamen Wissenschaft Psychologie zugehören. Grundbedingungen ftir die Wissenschaftlichkeit einer so verstandenen Einheitspsychologie werden an Beispielen aus der Wissenschaftspraxis erläutert. Ziel dieser Analyse ist es, eigenständige Forschungsarbeit der Klinischen Psychologie zu initiieren.
Dükers Ergebnisse zur Wirkung von zwangsläufiger Arbeit bei wollensschwachen Vpn konnten wieder eingebracht werden. Die Variation des Versuchsgeräts ergab, daß das Gelingen dieser Untersuchungen wesentlich von der methodisch einzuführenden Unausweichlichkeit der Situation abhängt. Je weniger dies verwirklicht wird, desto geringer ist der Leistungsanstieg, um so mehr tritt die Person des Vls in den Vordergrund, um so schwerer fällt es den Vpn, die Leistungssteigerung der eigenen Person zu attribuieren. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, daß das Schreiben von Achten in freier und zwangsläufiger Arbeit zumindest dieselbe Wirkung auf andere Leistungen hat wie das direkte üben dieser Leistungen. Offensichtlich wird mit dieser Methode eine zentrale Funktion der Leistung geübt.
No abstract available
No abstract available
No abstract available
Gruppenspezifität der Generalprävention - was aus einer Erhöhung der Promillegrenze zu lernen ist
(1995)
No abstract available
No abstract available
Kaum ein anderer Teil des menschlichen Körpers ist in der Lage, gefühlsmäßige Regungen in derart differenzierter Form auszudrücken wie die Mimik. Über den Zusammenhang zwischen muskulärer Aktivität und Emotionen wird versucht, in einigen Aspekten auch die Beziehung von Stimmungen zur Rückenmuskulatur herzustellen. Vor allem wird jedoch auf die Mimik als Verständigungsmittel eingegangen. Die neuroanatomische und neurophysiologische Basis der Mimik wird dargestellt sowie der Zusammenhang zwischen Stimulus-Situation und Emotionen einerseits und Emotionen und Ausdruck andererseits. Störungen dieser Beziehungen werden anhand von psychiatrischen und neurologischen Erkrankungen erläutert. Aus dem Ausdruck von Konflikten in der Mimik werden einige Bedingungen für psychosomatische Störungen nicht nur im Rückenbereich, sondern auch bei Kopfschmerzzuständen und Streßverhalten abgeleitet.
Kommunikation
(1983)
No abstract available